摘要
生态形态学特征是生物在选择压力下长期进化的结果，对生物的生存和繁衍具重要影响。为使种间竞争最小化，同质环境中关系密切的物种一般具有不同的生态形态学特征，以实现对有限资源的分割。1983--2012年，对高寒草甸生态系统中常见的9种雀形目鸟类的生态形态学特征所进行的研究结果表明：9种雀形目鸟类的各个生态形态学特征指标均具有显著差异；～92．0％的个体被正确归类，除小云雀（Eremophilaalp酷扩括，79．2％）外，其余各物种判别正确率均较高（84．5％～100％），9个物种被分成5个集团（guild）。各集团独特的生态形态学特征与集团内物种的栖息地环境和取食行为相关，最终解释了各个物种如何在高寒草甸生态系统中实现共存。
Species ecomorphological characteristics are the evolutionary results of selective pressures that have enabled individuals of a given species to survive and reproduce. Closely related species co-occurring in homogeneous environments should be morphologically distinct to partition limited resources, so as to minimize interspecific competition. From 1983 to 2012, we studied the ecomorphological characteristics of nine passerine species in alpine meadow. Results showed six ecomorphological characteristics of the nine species were significantly different. Approximately, 92.0% of samples were correctly classified and the correct rates ranged from 84.5% to 100.0%, except for the Oriental Skylark （Eremophila alpestris）, which was 79.2%. Accordingly, the nine species were divided into five guilds based on their characteristics. Results indicated that the niches of all species were divergent, and the ecomorphological characteristics of the specific species in each guild were related to their habitats and foraging behaviors. These results also explained the possible mechanisms of different species coexistence in alpine meadow.
基金
国家自然科学基金(30400058)
