摘要
大型管壳式换热器、缠绕管式换热器、板壳式换热器在我国许多工业领域的应用日益增大。介绍与大乙烯、大炼油、大型煤化工等成套装置相适应的大型管壳式换热器、缠绕管式换热器、板壳式换热器的技术难点。大型管壳式换热器传热流动特性与结构设计的协同性研究、超长换热管材料的技术要求、大型管板的设计与制造技术等方面在十一五期间都取得了显著的进展。大型多股流缠绕管式换热器、低焊接残余应力镍基合金对接焊接接头的高压缠绕管式换热器、组合结构的低温甲醇洗装置原料气冷却器等大型缠绕管式换热器产品的研制相继取得成功。兼顾流体分布与传热性能的换热板片、整板分次步进模压成型工艺、氩弧焊/电阻焊焊接工艺、新型进料喷雾分布器等关键技术为超大型板壳式换热器的国产化提供了保证。本文还列举了大型换热器具有代表性的典型产品。我国已能生产换热面积超过10 000 m2的管壳式换热器、换热面积超过7 000 m2的缠绕管式换热器,换热面积超过10 000 m2的板壳式换热器,并在煤化工和石油化工装置上得到成功应用。从混合介质的实际相变机理研究、高效传热元件的采用和可靠性研究等方面指出了大型换热器在国产化进程中存在的不足之处和发展方向。
Large-scale shell-and-tube heat exchanger（STHE）, spiral wound heat exchanger（SWHE） and plate-shell heat exchanger （PSHE） have been widely used in many industries. The technical difficulties of these heat exchangers suitable for large-scale ethylene, refinery and coal-chemical plant are discussed. During the 1 lth five plan period, remarkable developments were made in such aspects as the cooperativity study between the structure and process design of heat transfer ＆fluid flow, the material technical requirements of super-long heat exchange tube, and the design and manufacturing technology of large tube-sheet for large-scale STHE. Such large-scale SWHE products as the large-scale multi-stream SWHE, the high pressure SWHE using Ni-base alloy butt welded joints with low residual stress, and the feed gas cooler of rectisol unit with combinative structure are successfully developed one after another. The domestic manufacturing of super-large PSHE is guaranteed by such key technologies as the heat exchange plate considering both fluid distribution and heat transfer performance, the stepping compression molding process for whole plate, the argon shielded arc welding or resistance welding process, and the new type of feed spray distributor etc. The representative products of large-scale heat exchangers are also listed. The heat exchange areas are larger than 10 000 m2 for STHE, 7 000 m2 for SWHE and 10 000 m2 for PSHE in China. All these above mentioned products have been successfully put into service in the coal-chemical and petro-chemical plants. With focus on such aspects as the actual phase transformation mechanism study for mixed mediurn, the adoption of highly effective heat transfer element and the reliability study of large-scale heat exchanger etc., several questions related to the domestic manufacturing of these large-scale heat exchangers and their future developing direction are presented.
出处
《机械工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第10期134-143,共10页
Journal of Mechanical Engineering
基金
国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划
2012AA040103)
安徽省科技攻关计划重点(1201a0201005)资助项目
关键词
大型
管壳式换热器
缠绕管式换热器
板壳式换热器
技术进展
Large-scale Shell-and-tube heat exchanger Spiral wound heat exchanger Plate-shell heat exchanger Technology development
