摘要
应用二连盆地重质油物性和地球化学分析资料,结合其他盆地重质油典型实例,系统阐述了重质油形成的主控因素。研究表明,重质油成因类型可分为原生重质油和次生重质油,前者来自有机质在热演化过程中所生成的未熟—低熟油,后者则是石油(常规油或普通重质油)进入储层聚集成藏后,由于保存条件差异,受各种稠变作用形成的高密度、高黏度重质油。重质油形成所经历的稠变作用主要包括生物降解、水洗、氧化、裂解致稠和运移-聚集分异等作用。在石油运移、聚集和保存阶段,上述多种稠变因素总是交织、叠加在一起,只有在某些特定地质环境下,单个稠变因素才表现得相对突出。多数盆地或地区重质油的形成以生物降解占主导作用,其次为氧化、水洗、裂解致稠以及运移-聚集分异等作用。基于二连盆地及其他盆地重质油黏度数据分析,归纳出重质油的稠变序列为,低成熟重质油(黏度100～500 mPa.s)、未成熟重质油(黏度500～1 000 mPa.s)、轻度生物降解重质油(黏度800～2 000 mPa.s)、中度生物降解重质油(黏度2 000～20 000 mPa.s)、重度生物降解重质油(黏度20 000～100 000 mPa.s)、超重度生物降解重质油(黏度大于100 000 mPa.s)。其中,轻度生物降解重质油为普通重质油;中度生物降解重质油达到普通重质油—特重质油;重度生物降解重质油为特重质油;超重度生物降解重质油为超重质油。
Based on the analyzing physical properties and geochemical characteristics of heavy oils from Erlian Basin and integrated with some typical cases of heavy oils from other basins, we discussed main controlling factors for the heavy oil formation and con- cluded that heavy oils can be generally divided into two kinds, the primary one and the secondary, the former generates from im mature or low-maturity oils iormed during the thermal evolution process o{ organic matter, while the latter is an oil with high density and viscosity that forms due to a variety of densification after a crude oil （ conventional oil or ordinary heavy oil） migrates into a reservoir and accumulates under different preserved conditions. The densification includes mainly biodegradation, water washing, oxidation, pyrolysis and differentiation during migration and accumulation. In stages of oil migration, accumulation and preservation, a variety of densification mentioned above often mingles with each other. Only in some specific geological con- ditions, can a single densification factor he relatively prominent. In most basins or regions, biodegradation usually plays a domi- nate role during the formation of heavy oils, and is followed by oxidation, water washing, pyrolysis and differentiation during mi- gration and accumulation. Based on the statistics of heavy oil data in this area, a densification series of heavy oils was summed up that low-maturity heavy oil （viscosity 100~500 mPa. s）, immature heavy oil （viscosity 500~ 1 000 mPao s） and slightly biodegraded heavy oil （viscosity 800~2 000 mPa. s） are ordinary heavy oils; while moderately biodegraded heavy oil （viscosity 2 000~20 000 mPa. s） is either an ordinary heavy oil or heavy mass oil; severely biodegraded heavy oil （viscosity 20 000 100 000 mPa s） is a heavy mass oil~ and super severely biodegraded heavy oil （viscosity〉 100 000 mPa. s） is an overweight mass oil.
出处
《石油学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第3期479-488,共10页
Acta Petrolei Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(No.40002008)资助
关键词
重质油
地球化学
成因类型
稠变序列
陆相盆地
heavy oil geoehemistry genetic type densification series non-marine basin
