摘要
在平皿中潮湿滤纸上培育蚤卵、三龄老熟幼虫和无茧裸蛹,镜下连续观察卵的孵化、幼虫化蛹和蛹的羽化等动态过程,并通过显微录像法记录了上述虫态变化的详细过程。虫体自后向前一系列迭进式收缩所引起的压力增高是实现各期蜕变的基本动因。孵化开始于幼虫头部破卵器孵化刺将卵壳的割开,幼虫先后以胸—头—腹的顺序孵出,在2至数分钟内完成。化蛹时蛹体胸部首先从幼虫胸节背板中缝裂口处膨出,随之幼虫后头背中骨缝及一侧菱形骨缝裂开,蛹头、足和腹部相继蜕出,幼虫旧表皮腹节各背板均不裂开,化蛹过程多在10～20分钟内完成。羽化则以头—胸—腔的次序进行,一般需经5～20分钟。蛹衣从头顶横向裂开并脱下一个盔形物是羽化开始的标志。 观察了4属5种蚤41枚卵的孵化、8属10种蚤56条幼虫的化蛹和5属6种蚤25个蛹的羽化过程。结果表明,在以上虫态变化中,各种蚤的变化程序及虫体行为基本一致。对观察到的有关生物学和生态学现象进行了讨论。
The dynamics of developmental processes of fleas, from egg hatching to adult emerging, were studied by cultivation of flea eggs, third instar larvae and bare pupae on damp filter in plates by means of microscopy and of the technique of microvideotaping.
A series of forward telescopic contractions from the posteriors of the body culminated the internal tension of the old case, thus providing the main motive forces for the metamorphosis of fleas. The process of moult of the well developed larva started from the longitudinal ripping of the egg shell by the hatch spine situated on the front of the larval head, advanced in thorax-head-abdomen sequence, and completed within 2 or more minutes. The first step of pupation was the wriggle of pupal thorax out of the slit on the dorsal tergite of larval thorax, followed by the dissociation of pupal head from the slit mid-dorsal crevice and the rhombus crevice of larval head shell, and then of the legs and abdomen of the pupa. The whole process took, for the most part, 10-20 minutes. The process of emergence took in an another sequence of head-thorax-abdomen and, averagely, took 5-20 minutes. A transverse rupture on the front of the pupal sheath with the separating of an oval 'cap' from the sheath was the signal indicating the initiation of emergence process.
The observations of metamorphosis, including 41 eggs of 5 species (4 genera), 56 larvae of 10 species (8 genera) and 25 pupae of 6 species (5 genera), showed that the processes of metamorphosis in all the observed species presented an uniform profile. Some biological and ecological aspects of concerned phenomena are discussed.
出处
《地方病通报》
1991年第4期23-26,共4页
Endemic Diseases Bulletin
关键词
蚤
孵化
化蛹
羽化
Fleas
Hatch
Pupation
Emergence
