摘要
自由通过和飞越国际海峡是美国接受12海里领海的先决条件,也是其在第三次联合国海洋法会议的根本目标之一。该政策肇始于1968年美苏海洋法谈判,旨在维护美国的国际海峡航行自由权利,进而维护其安全、经济和政治利益。不过,由于遭遇了国内外反对意见,美国被迫做出了让步,但政策并未发生根本质变。美国陷入航行自由困境根源在于1945年《杜鲁门公告》。自由通过和飞越国际海峡政策反映了美国海洋政策优先考虑事项的变化,体现了国内和国际因素的影响,客观上反映了国际社会利益;而《航行和飞越权利计划》的实施,则反映了美国重塑强权政治作用的意图。
Free transit through and over international straights was not only the precondition for America to accept 12 nautical miles territorial sea,but also one of its fundamental objectives in the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea.The policy was started in the the U.S.-Soviet Law of the Sea Negotiation in 1968 for maintaining navigation freedom of America in international straights and ensuring its safety and economic and politic profit.However,it received the domestic and foreign opposition.Thus the United States made some concessions,but it wasn't fundamentally changed.Root of the dilemma was in Truman Proclamation in 1945.The policy reflected changes of priorities of US government on marine policy,embodied effects from home and abroad and objectively reflected profit of international society.Implementation of Program for Navigation and Overflight Right reflected the intention of US government on reshaping power politics.
出处
《世界历史》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第3期25-36,159,共12页
World History
基金
2011-2012年"中美富布赖特项目"联合培养博士生子项目的资助
