摘要
以往的墓葬研究多集中于出土器物和葬制葬俗,对墓葬本身却有所忽略。以山东地区商周墓葬为例,有以下几点值得注意:墓葬的长、宽比值以及墓口与墓底的比值,在时间和空间上都有一定特征;墓道的有无可能取决于棺椁下葬习俗和墓葬的规模,而与墓主人的身份等级没有必然联系;山东地区壁龛墓数量较少,其族属可能有别于同一墓地的其他墓葬;器物箱的使用是东夷人的传统,并于春秋时期影响到中原及其他地区;鲁南、鲁北地区墓向较杂,这可能源于两地居民族属的多元性,而鲁东、鲁东南两地则继承了早期东夷人的传统,皆以东向为主。
Previous scholarly works have focused prirmrily on the excavated objects and burial customs. Nonetheless, the structure of burials has not received enough attention. The paper uses the Shang and Zhou burials in Shandong as a case study to illustrate several noteworthy points. First, the ratio between the length and width of burials reflects certain regional and chronological features. Second, the using of entry ramp is depended on the burial practices and the size of tombs, while it is usually irrelevant to the occupant＇ s rank and social status. Third, niches are rarely found in Shandong burials, but the ethnicity of tombs with this kind of feature should be different from other type of burials in the same cemetery. Fourth, divining the coffin into several compartments might have been the practice of Dong-yi （Eastern Barbarians） living in the South-eastern part of Shandong, which gradually impacted on other regions starting from the Middle Western Zhou Dynasty. Lastly, the orientations of tombs in Lu-nan （Southem Shandong） and Lu-bei （Northern Shandong） are complicated and heterogeneous, while the burial orientations in Lu-dong （Eastern Shandong） and Lu-dongnan （South-eastem Shandong） were primarily facing east, which was a tradition derived from the Dong-yi group in earfier times.
出处
《考古与文物》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第3期25-30,共6页
Archaeology and Cultural Relics
关键词
山东地区
商周时期墓葬
问题
Shandong region
Shang and Zhou burials
Issues
