摘要
修建水平梯田是针对我国黄土丘陵区特殊的区域环境,在长期实践中总结出的一项重要且有效的大型国土整治工程,建国以来黄土丘陵区水平梯田主要在水土保持与粮食稳产增产方面发挥了巨大的生态效益和社会效益。但目前相关研究却较少涉及水平梯田的经济效益,尤其是对农民收入的影响。从这一视角出发,以宁夏回族自治区固原市为例,通过Spearman秩相关分析与地统计分析的方法,量化分析了固原市现有以种植业为主要利用方式的水平梯田与农民收入之间的关系。研究结果表明:二者之间并无显著相关。说明目前固原市以旱作种植业为主要利用方式的水平梯田,尽管有利于实现水土保持和粮食稳产增产,但却无法有效带动农民增收。进一步分析发现,区域人口压力过大、种植结构不合理与土地生产经营方式落后是导致这一现象的主要原因。据此提出相关建议,以使水平梯田所发挥的效益最大化,进而促进区域可持续发展。
The hilly region of the Loess Plateau in China has always been a hot spot in varied sustainable develop- ment researches and practices, because of the highlighted problems of poverty and ecology. For a long period, several measures were created or introduced to this region, in order to promote regional sustainable development. Terracing the loess hills is oae of them, which indeed works well as a large scale land management project in this region. It has been reported that level terrace has significant ecological and social benefits, primarily in terms of soil and water conservation, as well as providing subsistence and livelihood to local farmers. However, the existing researches have few studies on the economic effects of the level terrace, especially on farmers＇ income, which might have an impor- tant impact on the continuity and stability of the whole system. Guyuan, a prefecture located in the southern part of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, northwestern China, is a typical representative of Loess Hilly Region with large amount of level terraces. It has experienced three upsurges of terrace construction since the founding of the P R China in 1949. And the third upsurge, since 1980s-1990s, is the largest, and lasts until fight now. As of 2010, the total ar- ea of level terrace in Guyuan amounts to 143 200 hm2, accounting for about 40% of all cultivated land. And dry planting is the main land use type on the terrace in Guyuan. Based on.the survey database of all villages in Guyuan, this paper analyses the relationship between current level terrace and farmers＇ incomes via quantitative methods of Spearman＇ s rank correlation coefficient and geostatistical analysis. The result of rank correlation analysis shows that it has no significant relationship between per-capita income of farmers and per-capita terrace area, proportion of the terrace to the cultivated land, even at the 0.1 significance level. Meanwhile, the analysis on geostatistical interpola- tion results shows that the spatial correlation coefficient between per-capita income of farmers and per-capita ter- race area is only-0.015 7, almost perfectly unrelated. So all these results demonstrates that there is no significant correlation between the two factors, which means the level terrace in current situation cannot increase farmers＇ in- come effectively in Guyuan. Further analysis reveals that at least three main causes contributed to the phenomena： （1） excessive population pressure in the region; （2）unreasonable planting structure; （3） outdated land management with low production. Accordingly, several policy suggestions are put forward to maximize the benefit of level terrace, so as to promote regional sustainable development, including： （1）reducing agricultural population through emigra- tion and urbanization; （2）improving planting structure by introducing more economic plants adapted to arid areas in Guyuan; （3）transforming traditional agriculture into industrial and ecological agriculture with local characteristics; （4）looking for new ways of terrace utilizing, such as eco-tourism, etc.
出处
《干旱区地理》
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第3期536-544,共9页
Arid Land Geography
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(40830741)
关键词
水平梯田
农民收入
黄土丘陵区
固原
level terrace
farmers＇ income
loess hilly region
Guyuan
