摘要
黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster Meigen是杨梅、樱桃等浆果果实最主要害虫。为明确温度对黑腹果蝇种群增长的影响,掌握黑腹果蝇饲养合适温度,在室内观察了黑腹果蝇在15,20,25,30和35℃条件下的生长发育、存活与繁殖能力,并计算各温度条件下的种群增长参数。结果表明:在35℃条件下,黑腹果蝇不能完成发育,其他温度条件下黑腹果蝇从卵孵化至蛹羽化成成虫,发育速率随温度升高明显加快,在15℃下,完成发育需要长达41 d,而在30℃下,黑腹果蝇完成发育仅需7 d;黑腹果蝇成虫寿命随温度的升高而明显缩短,在15℃下,雌、雄平均寿命分别高达70,80 d,在30℃下,平均寿命都仅为30 d;黑腹果蝇在20和30℃的平均繁殖力没有显著差异,分别为138.85和137.97粒卵.雌-1,但在以上条件下的平均繁殖能力显著低于25℃条件下的平均繁殖力,25℃条件下黑腹果蝇平均产卵量高达375.4粒(P<0.01);黑腹果蝇的种群增长参数净生殖率(R0)、内禀增长率(rm),在25℃时达最高值分别为55.10和1.021 d-1,而在15℃条件下值最小,分别为36.67和0.189 d-1。据此得出,25℃是最适宜黑腹果蝇生长发育和繁殖的温度,温度过高或过低都不利于黑腹果蝇种群增长。黑腹果蝇的发育起点温度为12.8℃,充分完成发育所需的有效积温为123.3日.度。
The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, is an important pest for berry, such as Chinese berry, in China. Temperature is a key determinant for the stable establishment of pest population. In order to know the effects of temperature on the population growth of fruit fly, we investigated the development, survivorship and reproduction of D. melanogaster at 15,20,25,30 and 35℃, and calculated the parameters of population growth under different temperature condition. No D. melanogaster individual developed into adult at 35℃. The development rate increased signifi- cantly with temperature rising, the average developmental duration from egg to adult stage was about 41 d at 15℃, while the shortest was about 7 d at 30℃. The adult longevity was evidently shortened with temperature rising,the av- erage lifespan of female and male was 70 and 80 d at 15℃ ,while the shortest was only 30 d at 30℃. The differences of fecundity （ total number of eggs produced by individual female） were not significant between 20 and 30℃ ,with the values of 138. 85 and 137. 97 respectively, which were all lower than that of eggs （375.4 eggs produced by individual female） at 25℃. The parameters of population growth [ the intrinsic rate of increase （rm） and net reproductive rate （R0） ] were the highest at 25℃ ,with the values of 1. 021 and 55.10 d-1 respectively,while those were only 0. 189 and 36. 67 d -1 at 15℃ ,respectively. From these results we concluded that temperature has great effect on the devel- opment of D. melanogaster, and the most suitable temperature for this pest is 25℃, during which there are higher intrinsic increase rate. The development threshold temperature of D. melanogaster was estimated to be 12. 8℃ and the effective accumulated temperature for development was 123.3 degree-days.
出处
《浙江农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第3期520-525,共6页
Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203089)
浙江省农业科学院创新提升项目
关键词
黑腹果蝇
温度
发育起点温度
有效积温
种群增长
Drosophila melanogaster
temperature
development threshold temperature
effective accumulated tem-perature
population growth
