摘要
选择东北地区3个玉米主栽品种,于2007和2008年在锦州进行分期播种试验,调查记录作物发育期,并测定干物质和产量构成。同时结合锦州地面气象观测站的平均气温资料,采用对比、回归等方法分析不同品种玉米生长发育对温度变化的响应。结果表明,播种前10d-出苗期的平均气温与出苗速度相关极显著(P<0.01),平均气温高则出苗快,出苗速度与品种关系不大;出苗后,平均气温高,可加快中、晚熟品种玉米生长;玉米拔节后,株高增长量与温度的关系因品种而异,最大叶面积指数受温度变化影响较小,主要与品种的生态特性有关;温度变化对干物质增重速率的影响随玉米不同生长阶段而异,出苗后0-20d和40-60d的温度升高对叶片和茎秆的增重速率为正效应;出苗后60-80d的温度升高对籽粒灌浆为正效应;百粒重和产量与抽雄-乳熟期的平均气温呈正相关,与乳熟-成熟期的平均气温呈负相关。研究结果可为当地玉米品种选择、播期调整提供参考。
A sowing date experiment of 3 maize varieties was conducted at Jinzhou agro-meteorological experimental station in 2007 and 2008.Based on average temperature of Jinzhou meteorological observation station,maize growth characteristics and responses to air temperature change were analyzed with comparison and regression method.The results showed that there was a significant correlation between seedling emergence speed and the mean temperature from the 10 days before sowing to seedling,the higher the mean temperature,the faster the seedling emergence which had little to do with maize varieties.After the seedling emergence,if mean temperature was high,the growth rates of medium maturity and late-maturing maize became fast.After jointing,the increment of maize height and maximum leaf area index were related to ecological characteristic instead of temperature.The influence of temperature change to dry biomass increasing rate varied with different growth stages,high temperature of the stages（0-20 days after the seedling emergence,40-60 days after the seedling emergence） had positive effect to leaf and stem weight increasing,and high temperature of the stage（60 to 80 days after seedling emergence） had a positive effect to grain filling.The hundred-seed weight and the yield had positive correlations with mean temperature of the stage from tasseling to milk,and had negative correlations with mean temperature of the stage from milk to maturity.
出处
《中国农业气象》
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第3期312-316,共5页
Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology
基金
公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201106020)
关键词
春玉米
温度变化
生长发育
东北地区
Spring maize
Temperature change
Growth and development
Northeast China
