摘要
通过对干湿交替环境下春小麦、马铃薯、大豆和玉米等作物的产量、水分利用效率及光合作用、蒸腾作用、气孔导度等生理变化的研究表明 :( 1 )春小麦和马铃薯在干湿交替环境下可获得与充分供水相当的产量而它们的水分利用效率却显著提高 ,大豆减产幅度较大 ,玉米减产严重 ,其水分利用效率显著低于全湿处理 ;( 2 )浇水后各作物的光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度都有所增加 ,但不同作物增加的幅度不同 ,就是同一作物各指标的增幅也不同 ;( 3)干湿交替环境下同化物的运输模式有利于春小麦籽粒的充实和马铃薯块茎的膨大 ,而不利于玉米产量的形成 ;( 4 )产量不仅决定于营养生长阶段 ,更主要决定于生殖生长阶段。此外 ,还就干湿交替过程中若干生理变化和经济产量形成机制作了初步探讨。
Yield,water use efficiency (WUE),the rates of photosynthesis and/or transpiration, leaf stomatal conductance of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.),potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.),soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and maize ( Zea mays L.) were evaluated under the condition of drying wetting cycle (DWC) in field with automatic rain off shelter.The results showed that:(1) the yields of Spring wheat and potato were comparable with those of control (well watered) and their WUE under DWC were significantly greater than that of control,whereas the yields of soybean and maize under DWC reduced by 36.74% and 72.6% respectively,and the WUE of soybean was slightly greater than that of control,but the WUE of maize decreased greatly;(2) the stomatal conductance, rates of photosynthesis and transpiration increased variously among crops involved after rewatering,and the extent to which the stomatal conductance,rates of photosynthesis and transpiration increased was different for a given crop;(3) DWC was beneficial to wheat grain filling and potato tuber expansion,but the development of reproductive organs and transportation of assimilation product to maize grains were inhibited severely under DWC resulting from its sensitivity to drought stress on reproductive stage;(4) the yield of a crop depends not only on its vegetative stage but also mainly on its reproductive stage on which reproductive organs developed and transportation of assimilation product to grains or tubers performed.The properties of some physiological changes and the mechanism of yield formation under DWC were discussed.
出处
《西北植物学报》
CAS
CSCD
2000年第2期164-170,共7页
Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica
基金
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目!( G1 9990 1 1 70 8)
关键词
作物
干湿交替
产量
水分利用效率
different crops
drying wetting cycle (DWC)
response
