摘要
目的比较北京市19家医院接受保守、溶栓和急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的急性sT段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者的临床情况、住院和3年预后。方法入选2006年1月1日至12月31日于发病后24h内就诊于北京市19所医院的808例STEMI患者。根据到院后治疗情况,将患者分为保守治疗组(n=184)、溶栓组(n=106)和急诊PCI组(n=518)。使用调查问卷及查阅病历收集社会人121学、病史以及临床和就诊资料,各参研医院在2009年7月至2010年1月通过电话随访得到数据。结果3组患者的基线情况不同。接受保守治疗的患者年龄为(64.5±13.5)岁,明显高于溶栓治疗组的(57.9士11.0)岁和急诊PCI组的(60.4±12.3)岁(P均〈0.01);从症状发作至到医院的中位时间为207min,明显长于溶栓组(130min)和急诊PCI组(130min)(P均〈0.01)。急诊PCI组中35.5%(184/518)患者使用了院前急救(EMS),明显高于保守治疗组的27.3%(46/184)和溶栓治疗组的25.0%(29/107)(P=0.02);急诊PCI组患者有医疗保险的比例高于溶栓组和保守治疗组(P〈0.01)。在非正常工作时间,接受急诊PCI治疗的患者比例明显少于溶栓治疗[66.6%(345/518)比80.2%(85/106),P=0.02]。三级医院进行的急诊PCI治疗比例高于二级医院[66.8%(437/654)比52.6%(81/154)],进行的溶栓治疗少于二级医院(P〈0.01)。保守治疗的患者院内病死率和3年心血管病死率分别为9.2%(17/185)和9.4%(15/159),明显高于接受溶栓治疗[6.6%(7/106)和2.3%(2/86)]和急诊PCI治疗的患者[3.5%(18/518)和4.5%(20/446)],P均〈0.01)。在3年随访时,接受PCI治疗的患者对阿司匹林、B受体阻滞剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)或血管紧张素受体抑制剂(ARB)和他汀类药物的依从性最高(P均〈0.05)。经过多因素Cox比例风险回归校正,与保守治疗组相比,急诊PCI与心血管死亡下降相关(HR=0.40,95%CI:0.21—0.73,P〈0.01)。结论对于STEMI患者,医疗保险情况和就诊医院级别等社会因素,以及年龄、来院时间、发病到就诊时间等患者因素影响了医生对再灌注治疗方式的选择;接受急诊PCI的患者对二级预防药物的依从性最高,心血管死亡明显低于保守治疗患者。
Objectives To evaluate the clinical characteristics, in-hospital and three-year outcome in ST-elevation myocardial Infarction (STEMI) patients receiving conservative treatment (CT), thrombolytic treatment (TT) and primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in Beijing. Methods This 12-month prospective, multicenter registry study was conducted in 19 hospitals with 808 patients with STEMI in Beijing between Jan. 2006 and Dec. 2006, 518 (64. 1% ) received PCI, 106 (16. 1% ) received TT and 184 (22. 8% ) received CT therapy. Patients were followed up for 3 years. Results At baseline, the age of patients in CT group [ ( 64. 5 ± 13.5 ) years ] was significantly higher than those in T? group [ ( 57.9 ± 11.0 ) years] and in PCI group [ (60. 4± 12. 3)years, all P 〈0. 01 ] ; and the median time from symptom onset to hospital in CT group (207 min) was signifieantly longer than those in TF group ( 130 min) and PCI group (130 rain, all P 〈 0. 01 ). Emergency Medieal Service (EMS) use was significantly higher in PCI group (184/518, 35.5% ) than in CT group (46/184, 27. 3%) and TT group (29/107, 25.0%, all P 〈 O. 05 ). Health insurance holder was the highest in PCI group ( P 〈 0. 01 ) . PCI was performed less frequently than thrombolytic therapy [66. 6% (345/518) vs. 80. 2% (85/106), P = 0. 021 during off- hours and more frequently performed in tertiary hospitals than in secondary hospitals [ 66. 8% (437/654) vs. 52. 6% (81/154) , P 〈0. 01 ) ]. The in-hospital mortality and the cardiovascular mortality at 3 year after hospital discharge was significantly higher in CT group [9. 2% (17/185) and 9.4% (15/159) ] than in PCI group I3.5% (18/518), 4. 5% (20/446) ] and in Tr group [6. 6% (7/106), 2. 3% (2/86), all P〈0. 01]. Patients in PCI group had the highest adherence level of aspirin, [3-blocker, angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin-receptor blockers or statins at 3-years follow-up ( all P 〈 0.05 ). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that only PCI was associated with lower risk of cardiovaseular death ( HR = 0. 40,95 % CI:O. 21 -0. 73, P 〈 0. 01 ). Conclusions Social and elinical setting may affect the physician's decision to provide reperfusion therapy in Beijing for STEMI patients. Better adherenee of secondary preventive drugs and lower cardiovascular death are observed in STEMI patients receiving PCI during the 3-years follow-up.
出处
《中华心血管病杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第6期474-479,共6页
Chinese Journal of Cardiology
基金
北京市科技计划重点项目[京科技发(2005)593]
关键词
心肌梗死
心肌再灌注
预后
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial reperfusion
Prognosis