摘要
随着全球化低碳经济时代的开启,温室气体的减排及利用成为举世关注的焦点,二氧化碳资源化利用及由此形成的新的碳一化学将成为绿色催化研究领域的热点问题。本文综述了二氧化碳资源化催化转化为高附加值化学品的若干反应途径,包括二氧化碳氧化饱和烃类、二氧化碳合成有机酸、二氧化碳合成酯类等,全面比较了实现这些反应所用催化剂的催化特性及优缺点,对其中的重要催化机理作了详细阐述,提出了该领域今后亟待开展的主要研究方向,认为:CO2的定向活化是其资源化利用的关键,需要研发与之相关的具有高活性的催化剂;新的反应介质或新相态CO2反应体系的利用,对大幅度提高CO2的转化率和目标产物的选择性将更具开发潜力;针对多种污染源排放CO2气体的直接利用问题,有必要设计开发对CO2具有高吸附-催化活性的多效催化剂,以提高新技术的实用价值;此外,积极探索CO2的光催化转化以及对光合作用特性的模拟,对于新能源利用和温室气体减排将具有双重收益。
With the global low carbon economy era commences, the reduction and utilization of greenhouse gas becomes a major concern in the world. The reclamation of greenhouse gas CO2 and the new opportunity it brings in the research area of carbon chemistry will become a new hot spot in the research frontier of green catalysis. In this paper, various typical catalytic reaction pathways for enabling direct conversion of CO2 to useful value-added chemicals were re- viewed,including oxidation of saturated hydrocarbon by CO2, synthesis of organic acids and esters with CO2. Further- more, some comments were made regarding the advantages and disadvantages of the catalysts involved, and their under- lying reaction mechanisms of CO2 activation by catalysis. Based on these discussions, future work in this category was proposed. The authors believes that, the task-oriented activation of CO2 is the key factor governing the whole process of its chemical utilization, where suitable catalysts with high activity need to be developed;the exploitation of new reac- tion media and use of new phase state CO2 may greatly enhance the conversion and selectivity of the reaction and hence deserve further investigation;as to the direct use of CO2 emitted from different practical sources,it is quite nec- essary to develop multi-functional catalysts with desirable adsorption-catalysis activity, so as to meet the requirements from different cases ; in addition, the investigation of photocatalysis of CO2, and the characterization and simulation on the process of photosynthesis are beneficial to both the utilization of new energy and the mitigation of greenhouse gas.
出处
《煤炭学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第6期1060-1071,共12页
Journal of China Coal Society
基金
教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划资助项目(NCET-05-0584)
济南市科技发展自主创新计划资助项目(201102041)
关键词
温室气体
二氧化碳
催化转化
活化
greenhouse gas
carbon dioxide
catalytic conversion
activation
