7Online Nation: Five Years of Growth in Online Leaming[EB/OL].http://www.sloan-e.org/publieations/survey/index.asp.
8Clark, T. Attitudes of Higher Education Faculty Towards Distance Education: A National Survey [J].The American Journal of Distance Education, 1993, (2) :19-33.
9大卫·沃德.令人骄傲的传统与充满挑战的未来[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007.77-79.
10Gunawardena, C. N. Changing Faculty Roles for Audiographics and Online Teaching. The American Journal of Distance Education, 1992, (3) :58-71.