摘要
宏观尺度上,气象数据空间插值模拟在气象科学和草地科学研究中一直占据重要的位置。为进一步提高其精度和增强草地类型划分空间分异效果,本研究在多元回归+残差分析(Analytic Method Based on Mul-tiple Regression and Residues,AMMRR)插值法中增加微地形因子(坡度和坡向),用普通克里金(OK)函数替换反距离加权(IDW)函数进行残差分析以建立改进型的多元回归+残差分析(I-AMMRR)插值法,并将其应用于内蒙古自治区>0℃年积温(Σθ)、年降水量(r)和湿润度(K)的空间插值模拟。依据草地综合顺序分类系统(Comprehensive and Sequential Classification System of Rangeland,CSCS)原理和I-AMMRR插值技术,对内蒙古自治区草地进行分类,并研制了相应的草地综合顺序分类图。研究结果表明:(1)I-AMMRR插值法模拟Σθ和r的绝对平均误差(MAE)、相对平均误差(RME)和均方根误差(RMSE)均小于AMMRR法,其精度更高。(2)I-AMMRR插值法模拟的内蒙古自治区Σθ、r和K的空间分布格局呈现水平和垂直地带性分布规律,Σθ自东南向西北递增,r和K与Σθ相反。(3)内蒙古自治区草地被划分为从ⅢF38(微温潮湿针叶阔叶混交林类)到ⅢA3(温暖极干温带荒漠类)共计17个草地综合顺序类。其中ⅢB10(微温干旱温带半荒漠类)分布面积最大,ⅣE32(暖温湿润落叶阔叶林类)最小。草地植被空间分布的水平和垂直地带性明显,与内蒙古自治区植被调查结果基本吻合。
patial interpolation of meteorological data is critical in meteorological and grassland research at macroscopic scales.To improve precision and enhance spatial differentiation effects of the Analytic Method based on Multiple Regression Residues（AMMRR） interpolation for the classification of grassland types,the AMMRR was upgraded by adding micro-topography factors such as slope and aspect,while the Inverse Distance Weighted（IDW） function was replaced with Ordinary Kriging（OK） function.And then the Improved Analytic Method based on Multiple Regression Residues（I-AMMRR） interpolation was established.The I-AMMRR was applied in the spatial interpolation of annual accumulated temperature of 0 ℃（Σθ）,annual precipitation（r） and humidity（K） in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Subsequently,the grassland was classified and the corresponding Comprehensive Sequential Classification System（CSCS） of rangeland map produced for the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.The CSCS and I-AMMRR technique were used in conjunction with meteorological data from 197 stations for the period from 1961 to 2004.The research results suggested that：（1） The mean absolute error（MAE）,mean relative error（RME） and root-mean-square error（RMSE） cross validation indices of the training and test datasets of Σθ and r were lower for I-AMMRR than AMMRR.The R correlation coefficients for Σθ and r between simulated and observed values were 0.969（P 0.01） and 0.933（P 0.01）,respectively.This suggested that the interpolation accuracy of I-AMMRR was higher than that of AMMRR.（2） The spatial distribution patterns of Σθ,r and K simulated by I-AMMRR for the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region showed horizontal and vertical zonalities,which were strongly agreed with actual distribution of natural zones and natural landscapes in the region.Specifically,Σθ increased from southeast to northwest while r and K had the reverse pattern.（3） Grassland in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was classified into a total of 17 CSCS classes,ranging from the cool temperate-humid mixed coniferous broad leaved forest（ⅢF38） to the cool temperate-extra-arid temperate zonal desert（ⅢA3）.The cool temperate-arid temperate zonal semi-desert（ⅢB10） covered the largest area while the smallest was under warm temperate-humid deciduous broad leaved forest（ⅣE32）,with approximate areas of 2.42×10 5 km 2 and 0.647 km 2,respectively.The landscape types from east to west included forest,forest-rangeland,meadow,steppe,semi-desert and desert in that sequence.With simultaneous increase in altitude,the land cover distribution across the region between Ergun River-Hulun Lake and Da Hinggan Mountains was steppe（ⅢC17）,meadow（ⅢD24）,montane meadow（ⅢE30） and coniferous forest（ⅢF37） in that successive order.Meadow（ⅢD24）,forest-rangeland（ⅢE31）,and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest（ⅣF38） were orderly distributed in the region from southern Nenjiang Plain to Da Hinggan Mountains.Steppe（ⅢC17）,meadow（ⅢD24）,forest-rangeland（ⅢE31）,and coniferous forest（ⅢF37） were distributed across the area linking Xiliao River Plain to Da Hinggan Mountains.Horizontal and vertical zones were distinct in spatial distribution of grassland vegetation,which well fitted the result of vegetation investigation in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.These research results provided theoretical evidence and technical support for dynamic monitoring of the variations in grassland in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
出处
《中国生态农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第7期904-912,共9页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31160475)
草业生态系统教育部重点实验室(甘肃农业大学)开放课题(CYZS-2011014)资助
关键词
气象要素
微地形
草地分类
综合顺序分类系统
空间插值
Meteorological element
Micro-topography
Grassland classification
Comprehensive Sequential Classification System（CSCS）
Spatial interpolation
