摘要
建立"时间-领域"分析框架,使用专利产出数据分析美国国家技术创新领域的结构演变(1963-2008年)。首先,运用排序-频度和集中度方法分析技术创新领域分布结构演变,结果显示美国技术领域分布逐步向少数技术领域集中,近年来维持"5-55"的基本格局,即排序前5位的技术领域发明专利授权量约占美国所有发明专利授权量的55%左右;其次,根据专利总量和相对增长率等指标分析技术创新领域时间分布结构,将技术领域划为主导-成长型、新兴-成长型、主导-成熟型、萌芽(衰退)-滞长型四种发展模式,其中主导-成长型和新兴-成长型的技术领域发展不稳定,主导-成熟型技术领域发展相对稳定。
This paper analyzes the distribution structure evolution of the U.S. technological innovation from 1963 to 2008 based on an analysis framework of time - filed and the patent data. Firstly, the results show that the distribution structure of the U. S. technological innovation fields gradually concentrated on just a few technology fields from 1963 to 2008 using the approach of rank - frequency and concentration ratio. In recent years, it maintained in the ＂5 -55＂ pattern. That is to say, the patents of top 5 technology fields which have the most utility patents accounted for about 55% of all the utility patents in the U. S.. Then, according to the total patents and the relative growth rate of each technological innovation field, we divide them into 4 development patterns which are leading - growth, e- merging - growth, leading - maturity and germinative （recession） - sluggish. The result of CV （ coefficient of variation） indicates that leading- growth and emerging- growth patterns develop unstably and the leading- maturity pattern develops relatively stably.
出处
《科学学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第7期1086-1092,共7页
Studies in Science of Science
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(71173026)
国家自然科学基金青年项目(71203020)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(DUT13RW310)
关键词
技术创新
分布结构
演变
专利
美国
technological innovation
distribution structure
evolution
patent
the U. S.
