摘要
通过同步视觉或者序列本体感觉,被试学习不规则场景。学习完毕之后,在面对学习方向、自主旋转240°、和持续旋转直至迷向3种运动条件下,被试随机指出各个物体的位置。迷向导致同步视觉学习组指向的内部一致性显著变差,而序列本体感觉学习组不受迷向影响。离线的相对位置判断任务表明两组被试的环境中心空间表征没有差异。这证明通过序列本体感觉学习被试也可以形成稳定的自我中心空间表征,支持了空间快照理论的扩展和空间认知的功能等价假说。
It is generally believed that the egocentric representation is transient and primarily supported by perception. However, recent theories suggest that the egocentric representation can be an enduring component and preserved in memory. Wang （2012） proposed that the enduring egocentric representation, also referred as the egocentric snapshot, was stable and would not be disrupted by disorientation. She further suggested that the egocentric snapshot was not restricted to retinal images and could be acquired from other modalities. Her statement is consistent with the functional equivalence hypothesis （Loomis et al., 2007）. These hypotheses were examined in the present study. Thirty two university students （16 men and 16 women） participated in this experiment in return for monetary compensation. Participants stood at a learning position amidst a geometrically irregular 9-object array. Half of them viewed the layout with objects being simultaneously presented, and the other half were blindfolded and led to sequentially walk to each object’s location from the learning position （proprioceptive learning）. After learning the layout, all the participants were blindfolded and tested in the baseline, updating, and disorientation conditions in sequence. In the baseline condition, participants maintained their heading to scissors. In the updating condition, participants rotated 240° by themselves. Within each group, right before rotation, half the participants were explicitly instructed to use allocentric spatial relations during locomotion. The other half were not given such instruction. In the disorientation condition, participants rotated in situ until got disoriented. In each locomotion condition, it included four blocks of trials, each block involving pointing to all nine objects once in a random order. The major dependent measure was the configuration error, defined as the standard deviation of the means per target object of the signed pointing errors, which indicated the internal consistency of the pointing response among different targets. An increased configuration error after disorientation provides evidence of a disorientation effect, indicating the use of the transient egocentric representation, whereas an equivalent configuration error between these two conditions indicates the use of stable spatial relations. Finally, all participants were taken to another room to perform judgments of relative direction （JRDs） among the remembered object locations. The JRDs test included 48 trials, six trials at each of eight imagined headings （0° to 315° at 45° intervals）. The dependent measures were the absolute angular error and the latency of the pointing response. Configuration errors on egocentric pointing were subjected to mixed-model analyses of variance （ANOVAs）, with locomotion condition （baseline, updating, and disorientation） as the within subject variable, learning modality （vision, proprioception） and allocentric instruction （yes, no） as the between subjects variables. The results revealed no main effects or interactions of allocentric instruction. The configuration errors increased after the rotation of the participants who visually learned the layout, but were equivalent before and after the rotation of the participants who proprioceptively learned the layout. The configuration errors were indistinguishable for visual and proprioceptive learning in the baseline and the updating conditions, but significantly larger for visual learning than for proprioceptive learning in the disorientation condition. Performance data on JRDs were subjected to mixed-model analyses of variance （ANOVAs）, with imagined heading （0° to 315° at 45° intervals） as the within subject variance, learning modality （vision, proprioception） and allocentric instruction （yes, no） as the between subjects variables. The results revealed no main effects or interactions of allocentric instruction. The participants’ performance on JRDs was indistinguishable for visual learning and proprioceptive learning, which indicated that participants constructed an allocentric spatial representation of equivalent fidelity through visual and proprioceptive learning. In conclusion, the results in the present study provided evidence that participants constructed a stable egocentric representation when they proprioceptively learned the irregular object array. These results are parallel to Xiao ＆ Chen’s （2012） finding, and support Wang’s （2012） generalization of the egocentric snapshot and functional equivalence hypothesis.
出处
《心理学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第7期752-761,共10页
Acta Psychologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金委员会青年科学基金项目资助(31000457)
关键词
自我中心
本体感觉
迷向
空间快照
功能等价
egocentric
proprioception
disorientation
snapshot
functional equivalence
