摘要
为探明不同秸秆覆盖模式下农田土壤温度和水分的效应问题,于2007—2010年在陕西合阳县西北农林科技大学旱农试验站,以不覆盖为对照(CK),设置3个水平秸秆覆盖量(4500、9000、13500kg·hm-2)在全年覆盖方式(QSM)下(分别以S1、S2和S3表示)和生育期覆盖方式(SSM)下(分别以S4、S5和S6表示)的定位试验。结果表明,不同覆盖处理在0～25cm土层的降温效应,表现为随覆盖量的增加而增大,随土壤深度增加而减小。在0～15cm土层"低温效应"在全生育期内表现出前期大、后期小的变化趋势。0～5cm土层不同处理的地温日变化在早上6:00最低,与CK差异最小;中午14:00最高,与CK差异最大;晚上20:00介于前两者之间。QSM方式下,S1、S2和S3处理与CK相比,3个年度休闲期的0～200cm土壤贮水量分别增加7.6、10.8、12.3mm;生育期内0～20cm土层土壤含水率分别高出3.9%、8.5%和11.8%。SSM下各覆盖量处理土壤温度和水分的运移规律与QSM方式相似,但均弱于后者。从水温效应综合来看,QSM覆盖方式整体优于SSM方式,尤以S2处理综合表现较优。故在渭北旱塬或其他同类生态区进行玉米整秸秆覆盖时,推荐选择QSM方式,且以9000kg·hm-2覆盖量为宜。
We evaluated the effect of different modes of cropping systems using straw mulch on the soil temperature, soil water and grain yield of spring maize（zea mays L.） in 2007-2010 at the Dry Farming Base of Northwest A＆F University, Heyang County in the Weibei Highland region of China. Seven treatments were used, including conventional tillage（CK）, maize straw mulching at the rates of 4500（S1）, 9000（S2） and 13 500 kg·hm^-2（S3） year-round（both fallow and growth period）（QSM） and 4500（S4）, 9000（S5） and 13 500 kg·hm^-2（S6）during the growth period（SSM）. The results showed that the cooling effect of treatments with SSM increased with the rate of straw mulching, and decreased with the soil depth at 0-25 cm soil profile. The low temperature effect of treatments showed a trend of large changes early, and small ones late during the growth period changes at 0-15 cm soil layers. The daily average soil temperature of different treatments at 0-5 cm soil depths was the lowest at 6：00, and the difference was the smallest compared to the CK treatment; the temperature was the highest at 14：00, and the difference was also the largest; the temperature at 20：00 was medium. Compared to the CK with QSM, the 3-year mean soil water storage within the 200 cm soil depth for the S1, S2 and S3 treatments was increased by 7.6 mm, 10.8 mm and 12.3 mm, respectively, over the fallow season; the 3-year mean soil water content within the 20 cm soil depth during the growth period was increased by 3.9%, 8.5% and 11.8%, respectively. The 3-year mean soil temperature and soil water content with SSM showed a similar changing trend compared to the QSM, which was overall less for the SSM than for the QSM. The variance analysis showed that compared to the SSM, the QSM was significantly superior（P〈0.05）. Our findings suggested that the farmers should adopt the QSM mode to optimize the efficiency of straw mulching. In addition, the maize straw mulching rate of 9000 kg·hm^-2 could be the optimal for the Weibei Highland region, China. Our study provides scientific reference for the application of straw mulch in other dryland farming regions throughout the world.
出处
《农业环境科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第7期1396-1404,共9页
Journal of Agro-Environment Science
基金
国土资源部软科学研究项目资助(201343)
中国煤炭工业协会科技项目(MTKJ2010-377)
河南理工大学博士基金(B2012-005)和博士后基金项目
河南省大中专毕业生就业创业研究项目(JYB2013260)
河南理工大学研究生教育教学改革基金项目(2013YJ08)
关键词
秸秆覆盖模式
土壤温度
土壤水分
渭北旱塬
straw mulching mode
soil temperature
soil water
Weibei Highland region
