摘要
本文基于2005-2010年中国251个地级城市的面板数据,采用动态面板模型和系统GMM估计方法,实证分析了贸易开放所引致的结构效应对中国三类地方性污染物排放量及其排放强度的影响。结果显示,贸易开放度提高有助于降低烟尘的排放量,而对二氧化硫和废水排放量以及三类污染物的排放强度也都存在负向影响但在统计上均不显著。从弹性值来看,贸易开放的结构效应对中国环境污染的影响普遍较小,而经济增长的规模和技术效应、直接结构效应以及经济活动强度是影响各类污染物排放水平的主要因素。"通过引入交叉项进一步识别决定贸易结构效应的比较优势来源,结果发现,对于二氧化硫和烟尘指标,存在贸易开放带来的污染避风港效应,但由于同时存在要素禀赋效应且更甚于污染避风港效应,最终使得贸易引致的结构效应总体上有利于环境污染的改善而非恶化,不过其影响很有限;而对于废水指标,却发现与污染避风港效应和要素禀赋效应相悖的证据。"贸易引致的结构效应总体上有利于环境污染的改善而非恶化,不过其影响很有限;而对于废水指标,却发现与污染避风港效应和要素禀赋效应相悖的证据。
Using panel data of China＇s 251 prefecture cities over 6 years （2005-2010）, this paper investigates into the trade-induced composition effect （TICE） on China＇ s environment based on dynamic panel models and System GMM. Estimations from System GMM show that increase in trade openness re- markably reduces soot emissions. The increase in trade openness is also found to decrease SO2 emission, wastewater discharge and the emission intensity of all the tree pollutants, while the statistical manifestation is not significant. The elasticity scale suggests that TICE on China＇s environment is generally small, while the impact from income, factor endowment and the intensity of economic activities are of much more significance. By introducing various interaction terms to in- spect sources of China＇s comparative advantages in trade which determine the work of TICE, we further involve evidences of both pollution haven effect （PHE） and factor endowment effect （FEE） for SO2 and soot index which partly accounts for the small elasticity of TICE as a result of the PHE and FEE work- ing in opposite directions. Wastewater index, however, presents contrary evidences against those by PHE or FEE.
出处
《国际贸易问题》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第8期119-132,共14页
Journal of International Trade
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(71073131)
教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目(12JJD790027)
教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(NCET100714)
福建省社科规划重点项目(2012A009)
厦门大学国际经济与贸易系教育发展基金的资助
关键词
贸易开放
环境污染
污染避风港效应
要素禀赋效应
动态面板数据
Trade openness, Composition effect, Pollution haven effect, Factor endowment effect, Dynamic panel data
