摘要
外来海洋物种入侵已成为继海洋栖息地破坏之后世界海洋生态环境面临的第二个重大威胁。为了全面了解我国南海外来物种的状况,本文阐述了南海主要外来物种的生物学和生态学特征及其对生态系统的影响,并提出相应的防控对策。结果表明:(1)在我国南海最主要分布和已经报道的外来物种共有35种,多为无意引进。其中,海洋外来藻类最多,为16种,占总种类数的45.7%;其次是海洋污损动物,为11种,占31.4%;外来微生物,为5种,占14.3%;潮间带滩涂植物主要有3种,占8.6%。(2)外来入侵物种主要通过4个方面危害海洋生态系统:弱化海洋生态系统群落结构,降低其物种多样性;改变海洋生态系统遗传多样性,降低其遗传变异性;影响海洋生态系统稳定性,造成外源病害肆虐;加剧海洋生态灾害。本文对南海不同种类外来物种生物学特征分析可为南海外来物种入侵的进一步研究提供基础资料,防控对策的提出可为管理部门制定海洋外来物种入侵管理策略提供参考,以期更好地保护南海海洋生态系统。
Alien species invasion is generally regarded as the second serious threat following habitat destruction to marine ecosystem. This paper elaborated the biological and ecological characters of marine alien species in the South China Sea and the impacts of these species invasion on the South China Sea ecosystem, and put forward the corresponding control strategies. There were totally 35 alien species in the South China Sea, most of which were accidentally introduced species. Among the alien species, alien algae were dominant （16 species, 45.7% of the total）, followed by fouling animals （11 species, 31.4%）, alien microorganisms （5 species, 14.3%）, and intertidal plants （3 species, 8.6%）. The alien species invasion weakened the community structure and reduced the biodiversity, altered the genetic diversity and decreased the genetic variation, caused diseases outbreak, and aggravated the marine ecological disasters of the South China Sea ecosystem. The above-mentioned analyses on the characters of marine alien species in the South China Sea and on the impacts of these species invasion on the South China Sea ecosystem could provide basic data for the further research of alien species invasion in the South China Sea, whereas the suggested control strategies could help the regional administrations to better protect the marine ecosystem of the South China Sea.
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第8期2186-2193,共8页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
中国近岸海域生态环境监控区监测业务南海区海洋环境质量综合评价项目(DOMEP(MEA)-01-03)
广东省海洋渔业科技推广专项科技攻关与研发项目(A201101I04和A201201I05)资助
关键词
海洋外来生物
生物入侵
生态影响
南海生态系统
marine alien organism
biological invasion
ecological effect
South China Sea ecosystem
