摘要
家族企业作为家族系统与企业系统的结合,兼具家族与企业的特征。本文基于组织二元性研究框架剖析了家族企业面临的多重二元平衡问题,对国内外研究中相互矛盾且互为影响的六大重要研究议题进行了梳理。家族企业的二元性可谓是与生俱来,家族目标与企业目标的协调、长期导向还是短视主义的时域权衡、家人和外人的差异化管理、家族治理与公司治理的协同作用、守业还是创业的成长抉择、保持控制还是追求成长的困境等一对对矛盾贯穿于家族企业的持续运营中。运用二元性视角审视家族企业问题,对深入理解和指导家族企业的行为实践具有重要价值。
Family business, as the integration of the family and business system, exhibits the characteristics of both systems. This article analyzed the multiple ambidextrous dimensions confronted by family firms and reviewed six significantly contradictory and inter-influenced issues in family business research field. The ambidexterity of fam- ily business is connate and persists throughout the life cycle of the finn, including family goal vs. business goal, short-termism vs. long-term orientation, family members vs. outsiders management, family governance vs. corporate governance, entrepreneurship fostering vs. inhibiting, control vs. growth. Applying the ambidexterity perspective in the family business research helps us further understand and provide guidance for business practice. The first dimension of family business ambidexterity lies in the horizon of family business, including goal and time horizon. As is known, family business is a mixture of family and business system with multiple goals. Whether it is pursuing family-centered or business-centered goals, or economic-centered or non-economic goals will have great influence on firm behavior and performance. However, there is only few research on this basic question. Another time horizon ambidexterity means the balance between short-term and long-term orientation. Although family firms are al- ways seen as long-term oriented, very few empirical studies examine it. Recent special issues in international top journals call for more attention to this specific question. The second dimension of family business ambidexterity lies in the governance and management of family busi- ness, including family business governance and management. For one thing, family business management involves the professionalization and succession problems. In Chinese culture, the relationship between people follows the pattern of difference sequence. Family business employees are classified automatically as insiders and outsiders, but the ex- tant studies mainly focus on family management effect, the adaptation process of non-family members is not fully ex- plored. For another thing, family business governance deals with both family governance and corporate govern- ance. As more formal governance approaches, such as board governance, are applied in family firms, more issues a- bout family governance come out. Most of the time, family business disputes in China begin from the family conflicts and are due to the lack of good family governance, which is better-developed in western countries. The last dimension of family business ambidexterity lies in the growth of family business, including growing process and growth outcome preferences. As to the growing approaches, we mainly discussed the conservative or en- trepreneurial growing behavior of family firms. Especially, with the development of STEP framework, family entrepre- neurship research grows rapidly and more and more studies begin to explore the entrepreneurial function of family and family firms. To the growth outcome preferences, family firms often are confronted with the dilemma of growth and control. Moreover, some family business are willing to stay small rather than growing large. In particular, the So- cio-emotional wealth theory further strengthened our concern for family business growth issues. Finally,we summarized the above three dimensions and six aspects of family business ambidexterity and draw the promising direction for future research. Family business dominates most of the economies, and plays an important role for society sustainable development. Insights from ambidexterity perspective help for research and understanding for family business practice.
出处
《经济管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第8期53-62,共10页
Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目"控制权结构
家族创业与企业价值"(71172167)
国家自然科学基金重点项目"国际化背景下我国创业企业的社会网络与创业成长"(71232009)
关键词
家族企业
二元性
家族目标
家族治理
家族创业
family business
ambidexterity
family goal
family governance
family entrepreneurship
