摘要
北京平原历史时期湖泊众多,第四系的地质结构决定了这些湖泊的分布规律和成因。北京城分布的湖泊主要受永定河冲洪积扇的三维结构控制。通过对北京城沉积物分布类型、结构与古今湖泊的展布特征的分析,发现北京城湖泊的分布具有明显的规律性。依据地质结构的差异,北京城存在一条清晰的地质界线,界线以西为富含地下水的单一砂砾石层,界线以东为含地下水较少的粘土、粉砂互层的阻水结构。该界线成为划分不同成因类型湖泊的界线。该界线以西分布的湖泊:昆明湖、福海、紫竹院湖、玉渊潭、莲花池等以泉水洼地成因为主;界线以东的湖泊:什刹海、北海等以古河道残留水体成因为主。研究表明:北京城湖泊的分布受地质结构的制约,具有一定的规律性,城市的规划建设应遵循自然规律。开展北京城湖泊的研究对城市发展,防灾减灾和合理利用水资源都有重要的意义。
Beijing,as the capital of China,is well-known for plenty of lakes in its historical period.The distribution and origin of these lakes are highly controlled by the geological structure of Yongding River alluvial fan.By analyzing the type of sediment distribution,the characteristics of structure and the locations of present lakes,this paper deals with the distribution regularity of these lakes.There exists a clear geological boundary,as shown by the differences of geological structures.The western part of Beijing plain is a single gravel layer rich in underground water,while the eastern part is mainly of the clay-interbedded-with-silt water retaining structure poor in underground water.Lakes are divided into different genetic types by the geological boundary.The most western lakes,such as Kunming Lake,Fuhai Lake,Zizhuyuan Lake,Yuyuantan Lake,Lianhuachi etc.,are dominated by the spring and depression genesis,whereas the lakes in the eastern part are dominated by residual water bodies of the old channel of the Yongding River.Studies show that geological structures are the main control factors for the distribution of lakes in Beijing City with certain regularity,and that urban planning and construction should follow the natural law.The results obtained by the authors have important significance for urban development,disaster prevention and reduction as well as rational utilization of water resources.
出处
《中国地质》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第4期1092-1098,共7页
Geology in China
基金
中国地质调查局和北京市政府联合项目"北京市多参数立体地质调查"(200313000045)资助
关键词
北京城
湖泊成因
冲洪积扇
Beijing City
lake origin
alluvial fan
