摘要
非政府组织的参与,既是应对危机的现实需要,又是危机管理的发展趋向。参与的发生依赖于关系纽带的连接:个体层面依赖于感情纽带,组织层面依赖于职能纽带,社会层面依赖于责任纽带。参与的类型包括自发型和引导型两种类型。自发型参与源于微观层面的感情纽带,表现为危机管理中的自组织现象;引导型参与是在责任纽带或职能纽带的作用下产生的,是由组织载体和明确目标引导驱动的。参与的类型影响着非政府组织参与的诉求导向、运行过程和动力结构,从而产生不同的公共危机治理网络演化轨迹和转型模式。自发型参与演化发展的关键在于实现网络内部的合作,一般经历"生成→扩展→进化"三个阶段,由于进化方式的不同,或者解体,或者改组;引导型参与演化发展的关键在于实现网络之间的协调,其演化轨迹就是非政府组织与政府危机管理系统构建合作网络,从而消化异质、处理噪音、纠正偏离的过程。
The participation of the non-governmental organizations is not only the practical needs of response to crisis,but also the development trend of crisis management. The occurrence of this participation depends on the connection of ties: individual level depends on the emotional bonds,organizational level on the function bonds and social level on the responsibility bonds. The mechanism of participation defines the types,including spontaneity and guidance. The key of spontaneous participation lies in the emotional bonds derived from the micro level,which displays the phenomenon of self-organization in crisis management; the guidance participation is created under the action of relation bonds or function bonds,which is guided and derived by the organization carrier and clear objectives. Type of participation affects the demands guidance,the running processes and the dynamic structure,which results in the production of different network evolution trajectories and transition mode of the public crisis governance. The key to spontaneous participation is the cooperation within the network. The general experience is'Generation → Expansion → Evolution'. Due to the different evolution,some are disintegrated,and others are reorganized. The key to guidance participation is the coordination among the network. The evolutionary trajectory is that the non-governmental organizations digest heterogeneity,handle noise,and correct deviations to build the cooperative networks with government crisis management system.
出处
《学术界》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第8期44-52,308,共9页
Academics
基金
国家社科基金一般项目"基层政府创新社会管理与维护社会稳定互动机制研究"(12BZZ046)
山东政法学院科研规划项目(2013Q18B)的阶段性研究成果
关键词
非政府组织
危机管理
演化逻辑
治理网络
non-governmental organizations
crisis management
evolution logic
governance network
