摘要
城市代谢过程研究是实现城市生态规划和环境管理等实际工作优化与决策的关键理论问题之一。核算了1999—2006年北京代谢过程中能值通量和强度,并依照Eco-Indictor 99的划分标准,结合自然系统对污染物的自净化及污染对经济系统和生态系统的损害程度测度方法(DALY法和PDF法),从城市代谢生产过程和消费过程研究城市代谢对人群健康和自然生态系统的影响,结果表明:(1)北京城市代谢过程大部分依赖于外部购买的不可更新资源的消耗;(2)外部购买的不可更新资源主要依赖于它省的资源供给,对国外资源利用很少,说明北京是一个本国资源依赖性的城市,而且这种依赖程度在不断增长;(3)当前过快的城市代谢过程主要由固定资产建设所拉动,随着北京基础建设程度放缓,这种高依赖性的代谢模式会的到一定的改变;(4)在考虑生态损失的情况下其可持续发展水平有5%的下降。该研究克服传统外在预警式评价方法的局限,综合评价城市生态系统内在代谢过程及代谢水平,为城市生态规划和环境管理提供更为有效的优化与决策依据。
The knowledge of urban metabolism process is a major step towards the design of sustainable development schemes and environmental management.This study systematic simulated and analyzed the mechanisms of Beijing urban ecosystem from a thermodynamic point of view.This assessment model review and compile existing data and studies on environmental issues available primarily at some sources,which include resource accounting and environmental impact assessment.The direct and indirect emergy demand was assessed based on airborne and waterborne pollutants dilution patterns,and concepts of Life Cycle Impact Assessment followed the DALY and PDF methods.Results pointed out（1） the development of economy in Beijing was closely correlated with the consumption of the nonrenewable resources and exerting rising load on environment;（2） of the total emergy use by the economic system,the imported nonrenewable resources from other province contribute most with increasing use from imported nonrenewable resources;（3） the rapid growth of society fixed capital investment drave Beijing′s economic development and GDP′S growing;（4）emissions greatly reduced the sustainability of the urban metabolic system by pulling resources for damage repair and for replacement of lost natural and human-made capital.Such a knowledge is a necessary pre-requisite to perform a reliable cost-benefit evaluation of urban sustainability strategies,and provide guidance to policy decisions.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第16期5078-5089,共12页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家科技支撑资助项目(2012BAC05B02)
国家基金委创新研究群体科学基金资助(51121003)
高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(20110003120031)
中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(20110490014)
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41101564)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金
低碳高端产业园区生态经济价值研究项目(26400150)
低碳高端产业园区标准构建项目(26400151)
关键词
北京
能值评价
城市代谢
Beijing
urban metabolism
emergy analysis
