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重症患者医院感染的调查

Investigation on critically ill patients with nosocomial infection
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摘要 目的观察某院重症患者医院感染的流行病学和风险因素。方法选择某院2010-2011年在重症监护室(ICU)治疗超过48h的患者,观察患者的感染发生率,对引起感染的相关因素进行分析。结果434例ICU治疗患者(住院总天数7394d)中,有225例发生感染,其中113例(26.0%)得到确诊。1000个患者住院日中医院感染的发生次数为56.8次,感染率为51.8%。感染部位主要为肺部炎症(40.9%)、血液(30.2%)、泌尿系统(23.6%)和手术部位(5.3%),主要微生物分别为铜绿假单胞菌(22.6%)、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(22.2%)、不动杆菌属(11.9%)。医院感染和未感染患者的住院天数的中位数分别为13d[四分位数间距(IQR),20d]和2d(IQR,2d)(P〈0.01)。通过logistic回归分析发现,机械通气[比值比(OR):16.35;95%可信区间(CI):8.26—32.34;P〈0.01]、昏迷(OR:15.04;95%CI:3.41—66.33;P〈0.01)、创伤(OR:10.27;95%CI:2.34~45.01;P〈0.01)、鼻胃管(OR:2.94;95%CI:1.47~5.90;P〈0.01)、气管切开术(OR:5.77;95%CI:1.10~30.20;P〈0.05)和急性生理和慢性健康评估Ⅱ(APACHEU)评分在10-19分(OR:10.80;95%CI:1.10—106.01;P〈0.05)是医院感染的主要危险因素。医院感染率随危险因素数量增加而升高(P〈0.01)。感染患者的病死率要高于未感染患者(60.9%比22.1%,P〈0.01)。结论损伤性治疗是引起ICU患者医院感染的重要因素。 Objective To determine epidemiology and risk factors for nosocomial infections in severe pa- tients. Methods The study included 434 patients(7394 patient-days) during a 2-year period(2010-2011 ). The inci- dence rate of infection, pathogenic bacteria, correlation factor of infected were analyzed. Results A total of 225 infec- tions were identified in 113 patients(26.0% ). The incidence and infection rates were 56.8 in 1000-patient days and 51.8% , respectively. The infections were pneumonia (40.9%) , bloodstream ( 30.2% ) , urinary tract ( 23.6% ) and surgical site infections ( 5. 3% ). Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( 22. 6% ), methicilfin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( 22. 2% ) and Acinetobaeter spp. ( 11.9% ) were frequently isolated micro-organisms. Median length of stay with noso- comial infection and without were 13 days ( Interquartile range, IQR, 20 ) and 2 days ( IQR, 2 ), respectively ( P 〈 0.01 ). In logistic regression analysis, mechanical ventilation [ odds ratio (OR) :16.35 ;95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 8.26 - 32.34 ;P 〈 0.01 ), coma ( OR : 15.04 ; 95% CI : 3.41 - 66.33 ; P 〈 0. 01 ), trauma ( OR : 10.27 ; 95 % CI : 2.34 45.01 ; P 〈 0.01 ), nasogastrie tube ( OR : 2.94 ; 95 % CI : 1.47 - 5.90 ; P 〈 0.01 ) , tracheotomy ( OR : 5.77 ; 95 % CI : 1.10 -30.20;P〈0.05)and APACHE II scores 10 - 19(OR:10.80;95% CI:I. 10 - 106.01;P 〈0.05)were found to be significant risk factors for nosocomial infection. Rate of nosocomial infection increased with the number of risk factors (P 〈 0.01 ). Mortality rates were higher in infected patients than in non-infected patients (60. 9 vs 22.1% ;P 〈 0.01 ). Conclusion These data suggest that, in addition to underlying clinical conditions, some invasive procedures can be independent risk factors for nosocomial infection in ICU.
出处 《中国基层医药》 CAS 2013年第22期3366-3368,共3页 Chinese Journal of Primary Medicine and Pharmacy
关键词 医院感染 重症监护 危险因素 Nosocomial infection Intensive care unit Risk factor
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参考文献15

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