在政治与法律之间——气候变化诉讼中的政治问题理论被引量：13

Between Politics and Law——Doctrine of Political Questions in the Climate Change Litigations

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摘要气候变化问题越来越引起全球关注,与此相应,气候变化诉讼案件在世界各国法院大量涌现。无论在美国还是在其他国家,气候变化诉讼都面临一个法律障碍:法院是否有权进行裁决。这取决于各个国家是否将气候变化问题视为法律问题。在美国,气候变化诉讼从产生之日起就面临所谓的"政治理论问题"的困扰。根据美国最高法院判例,政治性的问题或者那些被宪法和法律授予行政部门负责的问题,决不能由本法院来处理。气候问题是不是政治问题,引起了法律界的广泛关注。美国法院的判决在双方面也没有一个明确的答案。随着跨国气候变化诉讼的增加,联合国也开始关注这一问题。中国作为世界最大的碳排放国,应该及早在法律上作出应对。 Climate change questions have aroused global concerns; accordingly, climate change litigations occurred extensively. In America and other countries, such litigations encounter a legal hurdle that whether courts have power to adjudicate, which depends on whether the climate change questions are considered as legal issues. In the US, the climate change litigation has been challenged as ＂doctrine of political question＂. Based on judgments delivered by the American Supreme Court, political questions and those in the charge of the Constitution and executive department authorized by law are beyond the application scope of the Supreme Court. Climate issues are not political questions which have been and should been well concerned by law, but judgment reached by American courts give no definite solutions. As the increase of global climate change litigations, the United Union has been involved in this issue and China as the world＇ s largest carbon emitters should respond to this issue by law as soon as possible.

作者杜涛

机构地区复旦大学法学院

出处《北方法学》 CSSCI 2013年第5期117-123,共7页 Northern Legal Science

关键词气候变化诉讼政治问题理论可诉性 climate change litigation doctrine of political question indictability

分类号 DF4 [政治法律—经济法学]

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参考文献37

1William C. G. Burns and Hjari M. Osofsky (eds) ,Adjudicating Climate Change, State, National, and International Approaches, Cambridge University Press 2009, p. 1.
2Michael B. Gerrard & J. Cullen Howe,Climate Change Litigation in the U. S. , http://www, climatecaseehart, corn, 最后访问时间:2012年12月5日.
3Richard Lord et al. , (eds.), Climate Change Liability: Transnational Law and Practice, Cambridge University Press 2012, p. 31.
4http://www, climatelaw, org/cases/country/intl/inuit/2005Dec07/,最后访问时间:2012年12月5日.
5Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. 137 (1803).
6任东来等.《美国宪政历程：影响美国的25个司法大案》.中国法制出版社，2005年，第256页.
7Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. 137 (1803).
8Baker v. Cart, 369 U.S. 186 (1962).
9Baker v. Carr, 369 U.S. (1962), 217.
10United States v. Nixon(1974).

二级参考文献58

1Massachusetts v. EPA, 127 S. Ct. 1438, at 1452 -63 (2007).
2Massachusetts v. EPA, 127 S. Ct. 1438, at 1467 (2007).
3Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555(1992).
4Georgia v. Tennessee Copper Company, 206 U. S. 230 ( 1907 )
5Cf. Ann Woolhandler & Michael G. Collins, State Standing, 81 Va. L. Rev. 387, 506 ( 1995 ) ( suggesting that it would be appropriate to analyze state standing based on traditional common - law in - terests in property and liberty under a modified Lujan test).
6See Thomas W. Merrill, Global Warming as a Public Nuisance, 30 Colum. J. Envtl. L. 293, at 304 (2005).
7See Thomas W. Merrill, Global Warming as a Public Nuisance, 30 Colum. J. Envtl. L. 293, 304, at 305 (2005).
8See Kathryn A. Watts &Amy J. Wildermuth, Massachusetts v. EPA: Breaking New Ground on Issues Other Than Global Warming , 102 Nw. U. L. Rev. Colloquy 1, at 6 (2007).
9See Thomas W. Merrill, Global Warming as a Public Nuisance, 30 Colum. J. Envtl. L. 293,304, at 300-01 (2005).
10See Barry G. Rabe, Mikael Roman, & Arthur N. Dobelis, State Competition as a Source Driving Climate Change Mitigation, 14 N. Y. U. Envtl. L.J. 1, 29 (2005).