摘要
以黑龙江凤凰山国家级自然保护区为例,于2010年9、10月份,采用问卷调查法和实地考察法相结合的形式,调查该保护区及周边地区野猪危害农田的情况,以及居民对野猪的容忍性和认知度。结合Mann-Whitey U检验和Kruskal-Wallis H检验方法比较各个因素对保护区及周边居民野猪容忍性的影响差异,用主成分分析法对主要影响因素进行辨析。结果表明:农田收入比例、文化程度、人均农田面积以及野猪毁田面积是影响居民对野猪容忍性的主要因素。被访问的居民中,66.19%的居民希望野猪种群减少或消失;63.38%的居民赞同或者完全赞同保护措施;毁田事件发生后,46.48%的居民赞同或完全赞同捕杀野猪;在村外遇见野猪时,66.20%的居民不赞同或者完全不赞同捕杀野猪;在山野遇见野猪时,65.59%的居民不赞同或者完全不赞同捕杀野猪,说明遇到野猪的地点对居民所持捕杀态度基本没有影响。
The status of farmland impacted by wild boar and the tolerance of wild boar by local residents were investigated in and around Fenghuangshan Nature Reserve, Heilongjiang, China using a questionnaire and on-site investigations from September to October, 2010. Methods included two independent samples analyzed using Mann-Whitey U-tests and multiple independent samples using the Kruskal-Wallis H test, which were applied to compare effects of different factors on the tolerance of wild boar expressed by local residents. The main factors influencing local residents＇ attitudes toward boars were analyzed by principal component analysis. With regard to the public perception of wild boar populations in and around nature reserve, 57.75% of interviewees believed that the number of wild boars had increased over the last ten years and that damage to farm land was also increasing. Only 25.35% of the interviewees believed the number of wild boars was decreasing. A total of 83.10% of the interviewees thought a lack of natural food for wild boars was the reason farm damage by wild boars was increasing. Most interviewees （97.18%） believed that farm damage occurs on autumn nights when crops were ripening. Furthermore, 84.51% hoped that the government could provide economic compensation for damage caused by wild boars on farms. Only 14.08% of the residents hoped to relocate as a result of wild boar damage to their farms based on the interviews. The results of the analysis of residents＇ tolerance towards wild boars in and around the nature reserve provided the followingdata. While 66.19% of the interviewees wished to eliminate or reduce the present population of boars, 63.38% also agreed or absolutely agreed that wild boars require protection within the reserve. Additionally, only 46.48% of the interviewees agreed or absolutely agreed they should be allowed to kill wild boars after boars damage their farmlands. With respect to encounters with wild boars around their villages 0r in the mountains, the interviewees＇ attitude to killing wild boars varied little, with 66.20% and 65.59% of interviewees disagreeing or absolutely disagreeing with killing wild boars they encounter in those areas, respectively. The location of residents＇ encounters with wild boars had no effect on their attitudes to hunting boars. The proportion of farmland income, educational level, farmland area per capita and the extent of cropland destroyed by boars played important roles in influencing residents＇ tolerance towards wild boars. The timing or number of encounters with wild boars did not influence people＇s tolerance of boars. This study suggests that land managers should primarily focus on finding solutions to resource conflicts by adopting effective boar damage control techniques based on scientific data. The problems with wild boar damaging farmland in and around the Fenghuangshan Nature Reserve in Heilongjiang are still a legitimate concern of local people. However, the results of the questionnaire and on-site investigation showed that people generally have a strong tolerance of and respect for wild animals and their attitude toward wild animals is rational and reasonable. However, while the conflict between the needs of humans and wild animals in the scramble for living space is still a problem we need to address, the general public＇s attitudes have changed from past observations. In the past, humans only considered wild animals as an important source of food or they believed wild animals were enemies that caused destruction of crops. Today, people have come to see the need to actively develop methods for humans and wild animals to share the landscape harmoniously. This is also reflected in the survey that shows the progress society has made and the more responsible attitudes of human beings toward the natural world. The goal of this study is to provide effective baseline reference information designed to help resolve conflicts between humans and wild animals and mitigate the contradicting needs of both groups.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第18期5935-5942,共8页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家"十一五"科技支撑计划资助项目(2008BADB0B0304)
关键词
野猪
容忍性
态度
冲突
野生动物管理
wild boar （Sus scrofa）
tolerance
attitude
conflict
wildlife management
