摘要
黄河中游水沙变化及其驱动因素是社会各界关注的焦点之一,同时也是评价黄土高原生态建设和生态系统修复的一个重要依据。本文根据黄河中游区间降水数据以及干流头道拐和花园口两个控制水文站实测水沙资料,分析了黄河中游区间年降水量、河道径流量和输沙量的变化趋势及其发生显著变化的临界年份。结果表明:黄河中游水沙量呈显著的减小趋势;水沙量发生显著的趋势性减小的临界年份分别为1985年和1981年。通过双累积曲线方法,估算出在临界年份后,累积径流量和累积输沙量分别减少了17.8%和28%;人类活动是影响黄河中游水沙变化的主要驱动因素。人类活动的减水减沙贡献率分别为70%和80%;最后初步定量分析了各项人类活动对黄河中游水沙变化的影响程度。
The runoff and sediment changes in the middle reaches of the Yellow River and the driving factors are the attention focus of the community. They are also an important basis for evaluation of ecological construc tion and ecosystem restoration on the Loess Plateau. The objectives of this work are to quantify the change trends of precipitation, streamflow and sediment discharge during 1950- 2008 and to statistically identify the change points or transition years in the changing trends. The results show that significant decreasing trends in the annual runoff and annual sediment discharge existed in the middle reaches of the Yellow River （P = 0.01）. Change-point analyses further reveal that transition years existed and that abrupt decline in the runoff and sediment discharge began in 1985 and 1981 in this region （P =0.01 ） , respectively. Double-mass curves of precipitation vs. runoff （ sediment load） in the periods before and after the transition year show remarkable decreases in proportionality of runoff （ sediment load） generation. Comparing with the period before the transi- tion year, the cumulative runoff and cumulative sediment discharge reduced 17.8% and 28% , respectively. Human activities contributed 70% of runoff reduction and 80% of sediment reduction. It is, therefore, con-cluded that the human activities played a major role in the runoff and sediment discharge reduction in the mid- dle reaches of the Yellow River
出处
《泥沙研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第5期75-80,共6页
Journal of Sediment Research
基金
中国科学院西部之光
陕西省科学技术研究发展计划项目(2011kjxx61)
中国科学院重点部署项目(KZZD-EW-04-03-01)
中国科学院青年创新促进会
西北农林科技大学博士科研启动基金
关键词
黄河中游
径流量
输沙量
水土保持
人类活动
Yellow River
runoff
sediment discharge
soil and water conservation
human activity
