摘要
对东北虎种群的科学监测是采取有效保护、管理及恢复措施的基础,而准确的个体识别又是保证有效监测的前提。尤其是在中国,在野生东北虎种群数量很少,种群密度极低的情况下,能根据它留下的各种信息进行个体识别就显得尤为重要。目前,用于野生东北虎个体识别的技术主要有:足迹识别、DNA识别、条纹识别以及气味识别等。本文对这几种技术的特点、研究进展、应用注意事项等做了介绍,并且结合中国的实际情况,分析每种技术在中国的适用性,认为如果要建立中国的东北虎种群数量数据库,足迹识别和DNA识别比较适合在中国现有东北虎分布区推广使用。通过足迹识别,信息容易获取,也是最经济和比较成熟的方法;由于种群密度低,含DNA的遗传样本虽不能每次都采集到,但可以长期积累;现阶段条纹和气味识别只能起到辅助的作用。
Effective monitoring of the existing Amur tiger（Panthera tigris altaica） populations is the foundation for management and recovery measures.The core job of effective monitoring is to identify Amur tiger individuals accurately.However,because of extremely small population size and low density,any sample collected in the field is valuable,and it is important to make use of these samples to achieve our goal.The techniques currently applied to identification of individual Amur tigers include footprint identification,DNA marker method,side stripe identification,and scent identification.In this paper,we introduce features including research development and application notes of these techniques.By comparing the applicability of each technique,we draw our conclusion that to build China’s estimated population database of Amur tiger,more attention should be paid to footprint identification and DNA genetic method.Most time a tiger occurs,we can get its footprints,and anlyses of footprints is a well developed method that requires less time and money than other methods.Although genetic samples like hair and scat are not as frequently collected as footprints,DNA method is a reliable method when enough samples are collected.Supplementary methods include side stripe identification through analysis of photos taken by infrared cameras and scent identification by dogs.
出处
《野生动物》
2013年第4期229-237,248,共10页
基金
教育部"新世纪优秀人才支持计划"(No.NCET-10-0310)
"国家自然科学基金项目"(No.31272336)
中央高校基本科研专项资金项目(DL12DA01)
关键词
东北虎
个体识别
种群监测
足迹
DNA
条纹
气味
Amur tigers（Panthera tigris altaica）
Individual identification
Population monitoring
footprint
DNA
Side stripe
Scent
