摘要
通过分析2010、2011年冬季台湾海峡的海洋气象浮标观测的海面风速、海面气温与表层水温（SST）资料,对冬季影响台湾海峡的冷空气过程进行统计分析,并初步分析台湾海峡表层水温对冷空气过程的响应.结果表明,台湾海峡冬季盛行东北、北风,频率可达90％以上,小时平均风速主要分布在10～15 m/s之间,海峡内部风速大于海峡外部;2010、2011年冬季表层水温均有一次大幅度的降温现象,2010年发生在10月底,而2011年则发生在12月中上旬.2010、2011年冬季影响台湾海峡的冷空气过程以中等强度和弱冷空气为主;12月份是冷空气影响台湾海峡次数最多、强度最强的月份.冷空气过程导致的SST下降幅度以台湾海峡北部、平潭岛附近海域最大,为1～2℃,宁德附近海域次之,约为1℃,海峡南部最小,为0.3 ～0.6℃.影响台湾海峡表层水温的因素是多方面的,其中局地的海-气相互作用和平流作用（浙闽沿岸流）是台湾海峡西部SST在冷空气过程中下降的重要影响因素,其导致台湾海峡西部SST出现2次降温过程,第一次降温过程在受到冷空气影响后的2～3d,第二次降温过程在受到冷空气影响后的4～6d.
The features of the cold airs affecting the Taiwan Strait were studied by analyzing the buoys monitoring meteorological data in winters of 2010 and 2011.It indicates that northeast or north wind affected Taiwan Strait most （frequency more than 90％） and the wind speed（daily average） concentrated at 10 ～ 15 m/s.Two large drop in SST happened at the end of October in 2010 and in early and mid December in 2011.The cold surges affecting Taiwan Strait in winters of 2010 and 2011 were mainly of medium or weak intensity level.Highest frequency and strongest cold airs affected the Taiwan Strait in December.The sea surface temperature（SST） in the northern part of the Taiwan Strait（around Pingtan Island） decreased mostly （1.0 ～ 2.0℃） in cold air influencing periods.SST near Ningde decreased less（about 1.0℃） than that of the northern part of the Taiwan Strait,but more than that of the southern part of the Taiwan Strait（0.3 ～0.6℃）.SST of the southern part of the Taiwan Strait decreased the least.Multiple factors affect SST in the Taiwan Strait.Among them,the local air-sea interaction and the horizontal advection（current along the coasts of Zhejiang and Fujian provinces） are important factors that make SST of the western Taiwan Strait decrease during the processes of the cold airs.SST of the western Taiwan Strait decreased twice in a cold air process because of the local air-sea interaction and advection.The first decrease happened 2 ～ 3 d after being affected by the cold airs and the second decrease happened 4 ～6 d after being affected by the cold airs.
出处
《应用海洋学学报》
CAS
CSCD
2013年第4期488-498,共11页
Journal of Applied Oceanography
基金
国家"973"计划资助项目(2011CB403502)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(41076002)
国家海洋局海洋公益性行业科研专项资助项目(201005005-2)
