摘要
以华北地区典型山区忻州为例,采集1 872个土壤样品,研究典型山区不同小生境坡耕地土壤肥力特征及盐分含量。结果表明,不同海拔下,土壤有机质、速效钾及缓效钾含量均以坡度5°-15°最低,坡度〉15°最高,土壤碱解氮、有效磷含量则随坡度上升而呈下降趋势,海拔〈1 000m,土壤有效铁、有效锌、有效硼、有效钼及有效硫含量均以5°-10°最低,海拔〉1 000m则随坡度增加而下降,表明海拔1 000m以下,5°-15°坡耕地土壤侵蚀较其他坡度高。坡向对土壤有机质、全氮及速效养分影响显著,阳坡土壤有机质、全氮含量均小于阴坡,且其差异随坡度上升而呈增大趋势,pH则呈相反趋势;速效养分碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量则受坡向和坡度的共同作用。不同海拔土壤盐分和pH均以5°-15°最低,海拔〈1 000m时,0-5°土壤盐分最高,显著高于5°-15°土壤;而不同海拔土壤间含盐量也表现为随海拔上升呈显著下降趋势,以上表明土壤的脱盐效果随海拔高度的上升而增强。
The purpose of this paper was to study the impact of different land slope and different altitudes on soil fertility and desalination trends in soils of Xinzhou,north China.The results showed that：Lands with slope from 5° to 15° had the lowest contents of soil organic matter,available potassium and slowly available potassium,while that above 15°got the highest content.The contents of available nitrogen and available phosphorus decreased with increasing slope.Below altitude of 1 000m,lands with slope from 5°to 15°had the lowest contents of Fe,Zn,B,Mo and S,and that increased with increasing slope when the altitude above 1 000m,indicating that the soil erosion had the greatest in slope from 5°to 15°.Soil organic matter and total nitrogen content in sunny slope was less than that of shade slope,and the contents increased with the rising of gradient,soil pH showed the opposite trend.The interaction of slope direction and gradient affected the content of alkalinity nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium.Under different altitude,soil salinity and pH value were the lowest with slope from 5° to 15°.And salinity in soil of slope from 0 to 5° was the highest below altitude of 1 000m,significantly higher than that from 5° to 15°.Soil salinity content showed a deceasing trend with increasing altitude.The results also indicated that soil desalination effect enhanced with increasing altitude.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第5期205-208,218,共5页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(411711151)
山西省自然科学基金项目(2008011061-1)
关键词
坡耕地
小生境
土壤肥力
sloping land
habitats
soil fertility
