摘要
国际放射防护委员会(ICRP)新建议书(60号出版物)中强调区分“实践”和“干预”两种不同类别的人类活动及其防护体系,本文讨论了强调这种区分的目的和对每类活动控制和减少照射的措施。潜在照射发生前在新建议书中是作为实践防护体系的一部分来处理的,通过在设计和管理中的预防(减少事故概率)和缓解(降低事故严重程度)措施可以显著地减少潜在照射;文中指出虽然事故概率的估计值是不准确的,但是应用现代安全技术是可以把潜在照射的概率降低很多量级的。文中还阐述了需要干预的情况及其防护原则。讨论了 ICRP 新建议书中对应急工作中的职业照射概念和限值的进化及对居室中氧的处理原则。
The new ICRP recommendations emphasize the distinction in radiological protection in two different types of human activities,practice and intervention.The purpose of emphases and measures for controlling or reduction of exposure for each type of activity are discussed.Potential exposure is regarded as an part of radioiogical protection system in this new recommendations,in apractice,it can besignificantly reduced by proper prevention and mitigation measures in design and management.It ispointed out that with modern safety technology,the probability of potential exposure situations can belowered to many orders of magnitude,even though the estimated value of probability is not accurate.Situations requiring intervention and the principles in protection are also discussed.
出处
《辐射防护》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1991年第6期401-407,共7页
Radiation Protection
关键词
人类活动
潜在照射
辐射防护
ICRP
Practice
Intervention
Potential Exposure
Emergency
Radon in Dwellings
