摘要
晚清时期,清政府在外国的强力压迫下,最终放弃传统的盟誓意识,完成从"要盟不信"到"以为信据"的转变,从传统的"怀柔远人"转向"以求两益",并逐渐看到国际法的重要性,进而主张"奉为圭臬",并产生挽回国家权益的思想,从"一劳永逸"趋于主动"预筹修约"。清政府逐渐形成条约关系观念,对外观念和意识有了很大改变。因既乏坚定决心,又无废约意识及整体修约筹划,且无法彻底摆脱传统观念,其挽回国家权益的努力收效甚微。
In the late Qing period,under intense pressure from foreign powers,the Qing government's thinking about international treaties underwent a process of change.They finally gave up traditional ideas of sworn alliances,and shifted from the Confucian belief that'Treaties signed under duress are not binding 'to accepting the idea of'using treaties as a basis,'and from thetraditional approach of'winning over foreigners through conciliation'to that of 'pursuing winwin results'.The Qing gradually realized the importance of international law and began to 'make it a guideline';furthermore,the government was thinking of taking the initiative to retrieve national rights and interests through'preparations for treaty revision',instead of'letting things take their course'.The idea of treaty relations was taking shape,and ideas about and awareness of the outside world changed substantially.But due to the government's lack of determination and the absence of any idea of annulling the treaties or any plans for overall treaty revision,and since,in addition,they were still restrained by traditional ideas,their efforts to retrieve China's national rights and interests came to naught.
出处
《历史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第5期83-98,190-191,共16页
Historical Research
基金
国家社科基金项目“晚清中外条约关系研究”(07BZS033)
湖南省社科基金重点项目“晚清时期的条约观念研究”(12ZDB083)
湖南省教育厅重点项目“清政府的条约观念研究”(12A097)的阶段成果
