摘要
目的：探讨流动儿童的抑郁症状随年龄变化的特点及相关因素.方法：选取北京市59所打工子弟学校10～14岁儿童6556名（10岁2132人,11岁1778人,12岁1278人,13岁744人,14岁624人）.采用社会支持量表（SSQ）和儿童抑郁问卷（CDI）分别评估社会支持和抑郁状况.结果：男生CDI总分[（40.5±7.6）vs.（39.8±7.6）]和低效率[（6.8±1.8）vs.（6.5±1.7）]、人际关系维度[（5.4±1.5）vs.（4.9±1.2）]得分均高于女生（均P ＜0.05）.低效率、低自尊维度上,各年龄间差异有统计学意义,较大年龄组得分高于较小年龄组;在人际关系、负性情绪、快感缺失维度和CDI总分上,10岁和11岁组的得分差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,12、13和14岁组得分均高于10岁和11岁组（均P＜0.05）.回归分析显示,父母关系质量与CDI总分及快感缺失、负性情绪、低效率、人际关系问题和低自尊五个维度得分均呈负相关（β=-0.17、-0.14、-0.14、-0.12、-0.08、-0.14,均P＜0.05）;SSQ总分与CDI总分及各维度得分均呈负相关（β=-0.37、-0.31、-0.25、-0.26、-0.23、-0.33,均P＜0.05）;流动时年龄与CDI总分及快感缺失、低效率、低自尊得分呈正相关（β=0.04、0.03、0.03、0.04,均P＜0.05）.结论：流动儿童抑郁存在性别差异,男生得分高于女生;12岁以后,抑郁症状随着年龄增加而呈加重趋势;流动时年龄越大、父母关系越差、社会支持越低,流动儿童越容易发生抑郁.
Objective：To explore the characteristics of depression symptom in migrant children with increasing age.Methods：A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted.Totally 6,556 children aged 10-14 years （2132 aged 10 years,1778 aged 11 years,1278 aged 12 years,744 aged 13 years,and 624 aged 14 years） were selected from 59 schools for children of migrant workers.They were assessed with the Children＇s Depression Inventory （CDI） and Social Support Questionnaire （SSQ） to evaluate their depression and social support.Results：Boys got higher scores in CDI total scores [（40.5 ±7.6） vs.（39.8 ±7.6）] and subscales of ineffectiveness [（6.8 ±1.8） vs.（6.5 ± 1.7）] and interpersonal problems [（5.4 ± 1.5） vs.（4.9 ± 1.2）] than girls （Ps 〈 0.05）.Among children aged 10 to 14,there were significant differences between each age group,namely,older children scored higher on ineffectiveness and negative self-esteem than younger ones.Migrant children aged 12 or above got higher CDI total scores and scores of interpersonal problems,negative mood,anhedonia than those aged 10 and 11 （Ps 〈0.05）.Regression results showed that the parent relationship quality was negatively correlated with the CDI total scores and subscales of anhedonia,negative mood,ineffectiveness,negative self-esteem,and interpersonal problems （β =-0.17,-0.14,-0.14,-0.12,-0.08,-0.14; Ps 〈0.05）.The scores of SSQ was negatively correlated with the CDI total scores and scores of anhedonia,negative mood,ineffectiveness,negative self-esteem,and interpersonal problems （β =-0.37,-0.31,-0.25,-0.26,-0.23,-0.33; Ps 〈0.05）.The age of migrant was positively correlated with the CDI total scores and scores of anhedonia,ineffectiveness,and negative self-esteem （β =0.04,0.03,0.03,0.04,Ps 〈 0.05）.Conclusion：It suggests that boys scored significantly higher than girls in depression.In children with 12 years and above,depressive symptoms may be increased with aging.The migrant children with younger age at migrantion,worse parent＇s relationship quality and less social support may have more depressive symptoms.
出处
《中国心理卫生杂志》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第11期864-867,共4页
Chinese Mental Health Journal
关键词
流动儿童
抑郁
性别差异
社会支持
流动时年龄
横断面研究
migrant children
depressive symptoms
gender difference
social support
age of migrant
cross-sectional studies
