摘要
通过连续5 年（2005—2009）田间定位试验，比较只施磷钾化肥（PK）、只施NPK 化肥（NPK）、施等量氮磷钾养分有机肥（M）、NPK 化肥和有机肥配合施用（化肥有机肥氮各占一半，NPKM）对苹果树叶片养分含量、果实产量及品质的影响。结果表明：萌芽期NPK 处理叶片N、P、K 养分含量高于NPKM和M 处理，而果实膨大期至成熟期，NPKM 及M 处理的叶片N、P、K 含量显著高于NPK 和PK 处理。连续5 年不同施肥处理使苹果平均产量提高34.6% ~ 42.3%，年均产量顺序为NPKM ＞ NPK ≥M ＞ PK。NPKM 处理5 年平均产量高达36.88 t · hm-2。2009 年NPKM 处理果径大于80 mm 的优质商品果数所占比例达71.34%，NPKM 处理的果实糖酸比最高（39.3）。维生素C、可溶性固形物含量及硬度均为NPKM 处理最高。NPKM 和M 处理的土壤有机质含量提高幅度较大，较对照（PK）处理分别提高了69.6%和58.5%。化肥有机肥配施提高了苹果产量和品质，果园土壤肥力增强，是果园简单易行的环保型施肥技术。
To evaluate the effect of organic manure application combined with chemical fertilizers on
apple yield and quality under long-term located experiment,a five year field experiment was conducted in
dry-land orchards located at Weibei,Shaanxi Province. The study included four treatments：Inorganic P
and K（PK）,swine manure only（M）,inorganic N,P and K（NPK）,and 1/2NPK and 1/2M（NPKM）.
Each treatment was replicated three times. The foliar nutrition,apple quality,apple yield and soil organic
matter content at each treatment were compared. The results showed significant differences between the
rational fertilized and irrational fertilized（PK）treatment. Apple yield was increased by 34.6% to 42.3%
under the different fertilization. The apple yield decreased in the order NPKM 〉 NPK ≥ M 〉 PK. Inthe NPKM treatment,the percentage of apple with diameters 〉 80 mm increased to 71.34% in 2009. The
sugar to acid（S︰A）ratio was the highest in the NPKM treatment. The vitamin C content was greater in the
fertilized treatments than in the PK treatment. The soluble solid,hardness were the highest in the NPKM
treatment. And soil organic matter increased by 69.6% and 58.5% respectively in the M and NPKM
treatment after five-year field experiment,which were significantly higher than those in the PK treatment.
Organic manure application with chemical fertilizers increased the apple yield and apple quality,reduced
the risk of environmental pollution,and improved soil fertility greatly. It could be a good practical
technique that protects the environment and maintains or raises the apple yield and apple quality in this
region.
出处
《园艺学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第11期2229-2236,共8页
Acta Horticulturae Sinica
基金
国际植物营养研究所项目(IPNI)
关键词
苹果
化肥
有机肥
产量
品质
apple, chemical fertilizer, organic manure, apple yield, apple quality
