1Jaff MR,McMurtry MS,Archer SL,et al.Management of massive and submassive pulmonary embolism,iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis,and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension:a scientific statement from the American Heart Association.Circulation,2011,123:1788-1830.
2Geerts WH,Bergqvist D,Pineo GF,et al.Prevention of venous thromboembolism:American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines.Chest,2008,133 (Suppl 6):S381-453.
3Monreal M.Lopez-imenez L.Pulmonary embolism in patients over 90 years of age.Curr Opin Pulm Med,2010,16:432-436.
4Van Belle A,Buller HR,Huisman MV,et al.Effectiveness of managing suspected pulmonary embolism using an algorithm combining clinical probability,D-dimer testing,and computed tomography.JAMA,2006,295:172-179.
5Lankeit M,Konstantinides S.Thrombolysis for pulmonary embolism:Past,present and future.Thromb Haemost,2010,103:877-883.
1Goldhaber SZ, Visani L, De Rosa M. Acute pulmonary embolism:clinical outcomes in the International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry (ICOPER) Lancet, 1999,35,3:1386-1389.
2Grifoni S, Olivotto I, Cecchini P, et al. Short-term clinica outcome of patients with acute pulmonary embolism, normal blood pressure, and echocardiographic right ventricular dysfunction. Circulation, 2000,101 : 2817-2822.
3Kasper W, Konstantinides S, Geibel A, et al. Management strategies and determinants of outcome in acute major pulmonary embolism=resuhs of a multicenter registry. J Am Coil Cardiol, 1997,30 : 1165-1171.
4Konstantinides S, Geibel A, Olschewski M, et al. Association between thrombolytic treatment and the prognosis of hemodynamically stable patients with major pulmonary embolism= results of a multieenter registry. Circulation, 1997,96:882-888.
5Konstantinides S, Geibel A, Heusel G, et al. Heparin plus alteplase compared with heparin alone in patients with submassive pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med, 2002,347 1143-1150.
6Goldhaber SZ, Kessler CM, Heit J, et al. Randomised controlled trial of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator versus urokinase in the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism. Lancet, 1988,2 :293-298.
7Metz D, Nazeyrollas P, Mailier B, et al. Regression of right ventricular hypokinesis after thrombolysis in acute pulmonary embolism. Am J Cardiol, 1996,77 : 1252-1254.