摘要
针对制造商存在产能约束以及需求市场中存在商品限制性价格上限的情形,研究了由多个相互竞争制造商与面临模糊市场需求的多个相互竞争零售商组成的供应链网络均衡问题。利用模糊事件的可信性测度,推导了零售商的模糊销售量、存储量和缺货量的可信性分布以及其期望,建立了零售商的期望利润模型,揭示了零售商期望利润函数的凹性。借助变分不等式理论,刻画了制造商、零售商以及消费者的最优行为,建立了供应链网络均衡模型。利用求解变分不等式的对数二次逼近的预测校正法设计了求解供应链网络均衡的算法。结合算例验证了所提模型及算法,同时分析了产能约束与商品限制性价格上限对均衡解的影响。结果表明:当政府对竞争市场实行限制性价格上限时,将造成需求市场中商品短缺,并导致制造商和零售商的总利润减少;当存在产能限制时,将导致无价格限制的商品均衡价格更高和需求市场中商品短缺量更大。
Due to the trend of economic globalization, firm-based competition has been shifted to supply chain-based competition. The supply chain network has the characteristics of hierarchy and complexity. This new trend reflects the competition among members at the same level and coordination between members at different levels. Therefore, academic and business communities are interested in achieving supply chain network＇s equilibrium conditions and the optimal behaviors of various decision makers so as to design and operate the supply chain efficiently in the long run. Moreover, the real supply chain network contains uncertainties, such as fuzziness. In order to solve the uncertainty issue, we investigate a competitive supply chain network equilibrium model which comprises mutual competitive manufactures with production capacity constraints, and competitive retailers with fuzzy market demand and binding ceiling price of the goods. Based on some assumptions, this paper discusses how manufactures, which are involved in homogeneous products, compete in a non-cooperative fashion with competitive retailers. Furthermore, these competitive retailers ship products to consumers in various markets. The model is constructed to analyze the inner links among various decision makers. The paper is organized as follows： The behaviors of the manufacturers are described according to the finite-dimensional variational inequality theory. These manufacturers aim to maximize their profit, outputs, and the number of shipments for the retailer. This paper establishes the behaviors for retailers who are faced with fuzzy demand. They are involved in transactions with manufacturers since they must decide how much to order for the purpose of coping with the fuzzy demand while seeking to maximize their profits simultaneously. Based on the credibility measure of fuzzy event, the expected value of fuzzy sales, fuzzy inventories and fuzzy shortages at the retail outlets are derived. Therefore, the retailer＇s expected profit is constructed. The concavity of the retailer＇s expected profit function is revealed in order to illustrate the existence and uniqueness of the optimal solution. The market equilibrium conditions are constructed to describe transactions that take place between retailers with a binding ceiling price of goods and consumers. In addition, the variational inequality model of the whole supply chain network is identified and equilibrium conditions are obtained. The logarithmic-quadratic proximal prediction-correction algorithm （LQPC-PC） is designed for solving the supply chain network equilibrium model. The algorithm aims at finding the global optimal convergent solution as well as the optimal Lagranian multipliers. Each iteration of the method consists of a prediction and a correction. A self-adaptive policy is presented to easily obtain the predictor and the corrector with tiny computational load. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the impacts of different production capacity constraints and different price ceilings on equilibrium solutions. The results show that a shortage of the good arises when the government imposes a binding ceiling price on the competitive markets. This issue is more serious when considering production capacity constraints.
出处
《管理工程学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第4期84-91,155,共9页
Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(71071082)
山东省自然科学基金资助项目(Y2008H07)
关键词
供应链网络
NASH均衡
变分不等式
模糊需求
可信性测度
对数二次逼近的预测校正法
supply chain network
Nash equilibrium
variational inequality
fuzzy demand
credibility measure
logarithmic-quadraticproximal prediction-correction algorithm
