摘要
海上漂浮式风力机是在随机性风载荷和浪载荷联合作用下工作的,其结构动态稳定性分析与控制是亟待解决的关键问题之一。考虑到气动水动结构耦合作用而产生6种摇荡形式,该文选择Spar结构的漂浮风力机作为样机系统。针对其纵摇和垂荡这2种摇荡现象,提出了以调频质量阻尼器(tuned mass damper,TMD)置于风力机机舱的结构主动控制形式,建立了基于TMD控制的精确三自由度漂浮风力机动力学模型,其中外激励风载荷考虑了桨叶和塔架2种载荷,而浪载荷按Morison方程建模。基于此模型,分析了随机风浪载荷作用下对风力机性能影响最大的纵摇形式的动态响应,实现了以最小能量消耗来实现风力机塔顶位移、速度、加速度最小为控制目标的线性二次型调节器(linear quadratic regulator,LQR)的设计。以5MW漂浮风力机为例,进行了控制前后的纵摇动态响应仿真和分析。仿真结果表明:通过TMD主动控制,可以有效减少55%塔架振动的最大位移,并快速消弱塔架振动回归稳定状态。
The flexible multi-body offshore floating wind turbines work under the conditions of combined effects of random wind and wave loads, the structural dynamic stability analysis and control is one of the key issues to be solved. Considering the six oscillation forms produced by aero-hydro-structure coupling effects, the Spar-structure of the floating wind turbine was used as a prototyping system. Focusing on two kinds phenomena of the pitching and heaving motions, the active structural control form of putting the tuned mass damper （TMD） on the cabin of wind turbine was proposed, and a 3-DoF floating wind turbine precise control model was established, where the wind loads action on blades and the tower was taken into account for the external excitation of wind, and the wave load was modeled by using the Morison equation. Based on this model, dynamic responses of pitching movement were analyzed under the conditions of action loads of random wind-wave which have the biggest effects on the performances of floating wind turbine, and the linear quadratic regulator （LQR） controller design was achieved to realize the control objectives of the minimum displacement, velocity and acceleration for wind turbine tower with the minimum energy consumption. Taking a 5-MW floating wind turbine as an example, the dynamic response of pitching movement before and after the control were simulated and analyzed. The simulation results show that the TMD control can effectively reduce 55% of the largest tower vibration displacement, and can quickly weaken the tower vibration and return to stable state.
出处
《中国电机工程学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第35期89-94,15,共6页
Proceedings of the CSEE
基金
国家自然科学基金(51075326)
陕西省13115重大科技专项(2009ZDKG-33)
陕西省教育厅科研项目(08JK391)
西安理工大学博士启动基金项目~~
