摘要
四合木作为荒漠群落的建群种,对当地生态系统稳定及生态环境保护具有不可替代的作用。通过对四合木根系发育特征的分析表明,煤炭资源垮落法开采诱发的地表变形和裂缝极易使四合木须根断裂,同时根系范围内土壤保水性能发生改变,影响四合木的生长发育。基于开采沉陷学相关原理,推导了地表拉伸应变的计算公式,分析了地表裂缝发育特征,得出开采厚度与地表拉应变的对应关系。基于充填开采等价采高理论,建立了固体废弃物充填开采时的等价开采厚度与地表裂缝发育及四合木须根断裂的对应关系,即在一定充填率下开采诱发的地表拉伸应变小于四合木须根的平均极限拉应变时,四合木的根系生长将不受影响。因此,采空区充填是保护四合木生长的有效开采方法。
Tetraena mongolice maxin plays an irreplaceable role in ecological system stability and en- vironment protection as the constructive species in desert areas. By investigating and analyzing on the growth characteristics of Tetraena mongolice maxin roots, this paper puts forwards that Tetraena mon- golice maxin fibrous root is prone to be broken for the surface deformations and cracks induced by un- derground caving mining. And mining changes the water retention property of the soil in the region of root system, which affects the growth and reproduction of Tetraena mongolice maxin. In this paper, the calculating formulas of surface tensile strain are deduced and the characteristics of surface cracks are analyzed based on mining subsidence theory. Then the corresponding relationship between mining thickness and surface tensile strain are concluded. Based on the equivalent height theory of backfilling mining, the corresponding relationship between equivalent mining thickness with surface fracture de- velopment and broken roots of Tetraena mongolice maxin is established. Namely, roots growth of Tet- raena mongolice maxin remains unaffected when the surface tensile strain was less than the averageultimate tensile strain of roots. Therefore, goaf backfilling is an effective mining method to protect the Tetraena mongolice maxin.
出处
《采矿与安全工程学报》
EI
北大核心
2013年第6期868-873,共6页
Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51374201)
国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2013CB227900)
关键词
四合木
充填开采
地表裂缝
等价采高
应变
Tetraena mongolice maxin
backfilling mining
surface cracks
equivalent mining height
strain
