摘要
为了解决半干旱黄土丘陵沟壑区集雨节灌系统在自压灌溉方式下灌水均匀度低的问题,提出了一种提高低水头自压式灌溉的灌水均匀度的新方法——地埋式瓶灌,对该灌溉方法的原理进行了阐述,并在风干、疏松的黏壤土中对该方法的地下渗灌环节进行了初步研究。结果表明,地埋式瓶灌能在渗灌瓶周围形成一个土壤含水量相对均匀的椭球形湿润土体,灌水5 L后1~2天,水分水平扩散至距瓶身10~15 cm处,竖直向下扩散至距瓶底16~23 cm处,湿润土体内平均土壤含水量约17%,灌溉水不会发生深层渗漏。另外,湿润土体的形状、范围,以及湿润土体内土壤含水量等与渗灌瓶开孔方式之间的关系并不强,这便于渗灌瓶在田间的布设。研究提出的地埋式瓶灌方法,原理简单,适宜性强,在半干旱黄土丘陵沟壑区林果业生产中具有广阔的应用前景。
In order to resolve the problem of low irrigation uniformity of rainwater harvesting and gravitational irrigation systems, this study advanced a new method that could increase the irrigation uniformity of low water head gravitational irrigation： underground bottle irrigation, demonstrated the principle of this method, and conducted a preliminary research on the underground step of this method in air dried, loose soil. The results showed that： underground bottle irrigation could form an ellipsoidal wet soil body which had relatively even distributed soil water content around the bottle. 1-2 days after 5 L water was irrigated, water spread horizontally to 10-15 cm from the bottle and vertically to 16-23 cm from bottom of the bottle. The average water content in the wet soil body was about 17%. The irrigation water wouldn＇t percolate to deep soil layers. Moreover, the characteristics of the wet soil body and the dill method of irrigation bottle were not well related, which was convenient for arrangement of irrigation bottles in field. The underground bottle irrigation was a simple and feasible method which would be commonly used in the semi-arid loess hilly regions.
出处
《中国农学通报》
CSCD
2013年第32期216-220,共5页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
宁夏自然科学基金"基于降雨径流调控理论的宁南山区新型农田集雨节灌模式研究"(NZ1072)
关键词
地埋式瓶灌
灌水均匀度
集雨
节水灌溉
黄土丘陵沟壑区
underground bottle irrigation
irrigation uniformity
rain water harvesting
water saving irrigation
loess hilly region
