摘要
从20世纪80年代后,生态系统功能的研究越来越受到人们的关注,生态价值的估算成了生态学深入发展的一个新的新的热点领域。退耕还林和封山禁牧是我国的一项林业生态工程,退耕还林和禁牧的生态效果如何,在经济上是否合理都有待于探讨。本文以靖远县永新乡的退耕还林和荒山禁牧为例,对相对生态功能和相对生态价值进行了探讨和估算。结果表明:(1)当地退耕还林的林地生态价值远远大于农作物生态价值加农业产值的总价值,也远远大于国家的补助标准。国家的退耕还林政策不仅有利于当地生态环境建设,而且在经济上也是合理的;(2)荒山禁牧的生态价值小于禁牧的机会成本,亦小于国家的相关补助标准,禁牧的相对生态价值与国家补贴之和大于禁牧的机会成本。但荒山禁牧新增植被的生态价值大于中国草地的平均生态价值。用相对生态价值完全可以解决不同生态指标之间以及生态指标与经济指标的等价换算问题。
Since 1980s, more and more attention has been paid to the study on ecosystem function. The estimation of ecological value has become a new hotspot in ecology development. Returning farmland to forest ＆ mountain en closure is a major forestry ecological project in China. What are the ecological effects of the project, and is it eco nomically reasonable？ This article explored the relative ecological functions and estimated the relative ecological value, taking the sub-project of returning farmland to forest ＆ mountain enclosure in Yongxing Township of Jingyu an County as a case study. The results showed that： （1） The ecological value of the forest is 13.09～25.09 times of that of crops , which is far more than the sum of the ecological value of farm crops and the agricultural output, and al so more than the national subsidy standard. So the state policy of returning farmland to forests is not only favorable to local eco-environment restoration, but also reasonable in economic development. （2） The ecological value of moun tain enclosure is less than the opportunity cost of prohibiting grazing, also less than the national subsidy standard. The sum of the relative ecological value of prohibiting grazing and the state subsidies is more than the opportunity cost of prohibiting grazing. However, the ecological value of new vegetation through returning farmland to forest proj ect is greater than China＇s average ecological value of grassland. The relative ecological value can be used to solve the problems in the equivalent conversion among various ecological indexes and between ecological indexes and eco- nomic indexes. This paper calculated the ecological functions of returning farmland to forest and mountain enclosure based on the surface vegetation, compared and sequenced the relative ecological value. The results from this method are more objective and accurate because the dominant factors are captured, whereas the minor factors which are in place but cannot be used for measuring value are given up. This method can be used for evaluation of ecological val- ues of different types of vegetation with different vegetation coverage. As a result, the headaches in evaluating the ecological value before and after the returning farmland to forest project can be solved.
出处
《干旱区地理》
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第6期1144-1152,共9页
Arid Land Geography
基金
OP12-土地退货防治管理与政策支持
国家973前期-"甘肃河西绿洲边缘积沙带的形成及其生态效应"(2011CB411912)
关键词
退耕还林
荒山禁牧
相对生态功能
相对生态价值
靖远县
returning farmland to forest, mountain enclosure, relative ecological function, relative ecologicalvalue, Jingyuan County
