摘要
依据五省六地的调查经验,本文比较了小农、家庭农场和工商企业的全员生产效率。研究发现,它们的全员生产效率依次降低,其根本原因在于三者劳动力使用方式的差异,即农户不雇工,家庭农场少量雇工,而工商企业则全部雇工。雇工一方面带来了劳动力成本,另一方面产生了劳动监督难题。劳动监督难题在降低单产的同时也进一步提高了劳动力成本。而劳动监督的难题根本上是由农业生产的特殊性决定的,化解的办法是回避雇工,这意味着家庭经营在农业生产上具有天然的合理性。鉴于此,政府应充分尊重小农生产的主体地位,适度发展多种形式的适度规模经营并将其经营规模控制在不雇工或极少雇工的范围内,适当限制工商企业经营大田作物。
On the basis of investigations of six places in five provinces, this paper compares the overall productivity of small fanners,family farms and enterprises. Research shows that the overall production efficiency of small farmers ,family farms and enterprises is decreasing with the enlarging planting area. Basic reason is that there is a big difference between hiring hands of the three. Hiring hands raises the labor cost and also produces labor supervision problem. Labor supervision problem not only reduces the unit output, but also further increases the labor cost. Labor supervision problem is fundamen- tally in the particularity of agricultural production, the way of problem resolving lies in the household management. At last, this paper suggests that the government should fully respect the subject status of the small farmers, develop various forms of moderate scale management but their scale of operation should be restricted within the scope of no workers hired or rarely, and limit the enterprises to manage field crop.
出处
《经济与管理研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第12期59-66,共8页
Research on Economics and Management
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目"农村土地流转的社会学研究"(12CSH026)
关键词
农业经营主体
小农
家庭农场
工商企业
全员生产效率
Agricultural Production Operator
Small Farmer
Family Farm
Enterprise
Overall Production Efficiency
