摘要
本文基于互联网经济的本质特征,导出技术进步与商业模式创新的市场不相容定律,并在不同厂商网络不兼容与平台开放策略的约束下,发现市场将出现单寡头竞争性垄断结构。这种结构的内在逻辑在于,强烈的网络效应,使得消费者在产品同质、厂商较多的情况下仍自觉地聚焦于特定的一家厂商,导致市场集中度非常高;同时,零运输成本令消费者被集中到虚拟的统一市场当中,既为主导厂商最大限度地扩大市场、实现规模经济创造条件,又有利于专门满足细分需求的厂商实现规模经济,让市场足以容纳多个厂商。市场出现了单寡头平台厂商与多个厂商共生的网络生态现象,单寡头厂商负责构造网络生态体系并具有市场势力,多个厂商负责满足消费者多元化需求、进入细分市场并做大规模。自由进入的环境、快速的技术和商业模式创新、特殊的定价模式导致互联网市场的包容性竞争,垄断在竞争中产生,又在竞争中被打破,周而复始推动产业的高速发展。现实意义在于提出单寡头竞争性垄断结构本身并不会妨碍竞争效率,为互联网反垄断诉讼给出了理论解释。
Based on the essence of internet economy, this paper has found out the law of market repulsion of technical progress and business model innovation. It has also been found that, given that networks are incompatible but vertically open, the market structure of internet industry is characterized by ＂single-oligopoly competitive monopoly＂, which means that a single firm captures most consumers in the market highly concentrated with so many firms and homogeneous products. Meanwhile, zero transport cost has placed consumers on a virtually unified market, which has not only helped the leading firm expand markets and achieve scale economy, but also has enhanced scale economy for segmented enterprises and created more enterprises in the market. Therefore, this has given rise to an interuet ecological phenomenon, the co-existence of single-oligopoly platform firms and multiple firms. The single-oligopoly is responsible for building internet eco-system and boasts market potential while multiple firms take care of diversified requirements of consumers, segmenting the market and enhancing its scale. Free entry, rapid technological change, business model innovation and special pricing model have resulted in the compatible competition of internet market. Monopoly is born in competition and then broken up in competition. This back and forth cycle has promoted the rapid development of industry. What is meaningful is that to put forward single-oligopoly competitive monopoly per se will not harm competition efficiency, which has provided theoretical explanation for internet anti-monopoly lawsuit.
出处
《中国工业经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第1期140-152,共13页
China Industrial Economics
基金
广东省自然科学基金团队项目"全球价值链与广东制造:转型升级与国际竞争力"(批准号S2013030015737)
关键词
互联网
相关市场
市场结构
单寡头
竞争性垄断
intemet
relevant market
market structure
single-oligopoly
competitive monopoly
