摘要
鄱阳湖是我国最大的淡水湖、国际重要湿地。"堑秋湖"是当地老百姓根据鄱阳湖夏涨秋落的规律,在湖底低洼处堑壕沟、围矮堤,以便在秋季退水时截留更多的鱼和水,最后将鱼类资源一网打尽的渔业方式;也是长江流域中下游湖区以及鄱阳湖流域老百姓利用季节性浅水蝶形湖泊中渔业资源最主要的捕鱼和管理方式。采用PRA方法对江西鄱阳湖南矶湿地国家级自然保护区"堑秋湖"历史及现状进行问卷调查,采用样线样点结合方法对越冬候鸟种群数量进行调查分析。研究表明:鄱阳湖南矶湿地国家级自然保护区拥有蝶形湖泊26个,均已承包给个人管理并存在养鱼虾蟹等行为,为典型的"堑秋湖"渔业模式;不同月份越冬候鸟数量变化呈"M"型,不同样线候鸟数量差异较大,而候鸟种类在月份和样线方面差异不大;"堑秋湖"渔业模式对鄱阳湖越冬候鸟的种群数量、分布及栖息地生态功能的发挥存在明显正负面影响。对于建立经济社会可持续发展的"堑秋湖"经营模式进行了探讨,提出了有利于越冬候鸟栖息的保育对策。
The Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China, is considered as one of the most important wetlands in the world. ＂Plate-shaped Lake Enclosed in Autumn＂ has a long history and is widely used in this lake. It is an unique fishing method employed by local fisherman in the mid-lower Yangtze Basin trying to clear the fish during low-water periods. Theye entrench and built short dam in the plate-lake to keep more water and fish when the water level falls lower than sub-lakes in autumn, enabling the fish in plate-lakes grow larger and economic benefits will be enlarged from such a fishery mode. In the paper, PRA （Participatory Rural Appraisal） was adopted to survey the history and present situation of the ＂Plate-shaped Lake Enclosed in Autumn＂ in Nanji Wetland National Natural Reserve of the Poyang Lake, Jiangxi The results showed that there were 26 Plate-Lakes which were typical of so-called ＂Plate-shape Lake enclosed in Autumn＂ fishery model in this area. The Plate-Lakes were contracted with fishermen from Nanji Town, Chaoyang Village, Hongwei Village, or Xiangyang Village. Fishes, shrimps and crabs were cultured in these lakes. Birds in the Nanji Wetland National Nature Reserve show a M-type monthly dynamics, with significant different amount among line transects, but no significant differences in species number among months and line transects. The positive and negative influences of the ＂Plate-shaped Lake Enclosed in Autumn＂ fishery model were found on the population number and distribution of migratory birds and ecological function of their habitats. In the end, the establishment of sustainably social and economic development of the ＂Plate-shaped Lake Enclosed in Autumn＂ fishery model was discussed and practicable management strategies were deduced for the conservation of migratory birds. Although excessive catch on fish would threaten resources and sustainable development of the Poyang Lake ＂Plate-shaped Lake enclosed in Autumn＂ play its positive role in the function of habitat for winter birds. And it is one of the methods to achieve the fishing right, we can do some useful measures to protect the winter birds and their habitat in the Plate-shaped Lake Enclosed in Autumn, such as pumping water, drainage water in different time, forbidding excessive fishing etc.
出处
《长江流域资源与环境》
CAS
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第1期46-52,共7页
Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin
关键词
堑秋湖
南矶湿地
越冬候鸟
栖息地
Plate-shaped Lake enclosed in Autumn
Nanji Wetland
Winter birds
habitat
