摘要
露天煤矿区的资源开发会导致土地损毁和景观格局破坏，损毁土地的复垦规划和实施也应该考虑景观生态的保护。景观指数作为定量化研究景观格局的手段之一，其本身具有明显的尺度依赖性并存在生态学意义的重叠，因而针对矿区土地损毁与复垦过程进行景观指数尺度效应分析及代表性景观指数筛选是一个重要前提。本文以北方农牧交错生态脆弱区魏家峁露天煤矿区为例，应用景观生态学和传统统计学方法，分析了矿区开采前、开采结束和完全复垦3个阶段的13种格局水平景观指数的粒度效应，筛选了能够反映矿区开采损毁、复垦对景观格局产生影响的10个代表性景观指数。结果表明：除斑块丰富度密度指数外，其余12种景观指数表现出很强的粒度效应，该生态区露天煤矿区景观指数计算的适宜粒度范围为10～15m；最终确定表征该露天煤矿区开采结束后景观格局变化的代表性景观指数为香农多样性指数、景观形状指数、面积加权分维数和几何最邻近距离，表征该露天煤矿区完全复垦后景观格局变化的代表性景观指数为香农多样性指数、景观形状指数、面积加权分维数和聚集度。研究结果可为进一步分析露天煤矿区开采损毁与复垦多阶段、多复垦模式的景观格局变化提供参考，为切实保护矿区土地资源和景观生态提供指导。
The rapid exploitation of opencast coal causes land damage and landscape pattern changes in mining areas. The conservation of landscape ecology should be considered during land reclamation planning and implementation. Landscape indices, which quantitatively describe landscape pattern changes, depend on scale and overlap. Therefore, it is important to identify the proper grain and select representative landscape indices to utilize during the mining process. Here, we examine the Wei Jiamao opencast coal mine located in a farming-pastoral transitional zone with low ecological vulnerability in northern China. We used landscape ecology theory and statistical methods to analyze grain effects across 13 landscape indices during three mining stages（before exploitation, after exploitation and after reclamation）. Representative landscape indices were selected to reflect landscape pattern changes at different stages. We found that except for the largest patch index, the 12 landscape indices exhibit a strong particle size effect. Grain extents from 10- 15m are relatively proper. These data imply that the representative landscape indices reflecting landscape changes after destruction are Shannon＇s diversity index, landscape shape index, area-weighted average fractal dimension index, and the mean euclidean nearest neighbor distance distribution. Landscape indices reflecting changes in landscape patterns after reclamation are Shannon＇s diversity index, landscape shape index, area-weighted average fractal dimension index, and the contagion index. These results demonstrate the multi-stage and multi-modal landscape patterns and will guide the implementation of land reclamation planning and conservation of landscape ecology in opencast coal mines.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第1期55-64,共10页
Resources Science
基金
国土资源部公益性行业科研专项(编号:201011006-3)
关键词
露天煤矿区
土地损毁
土地复垦
景观指数
粒度效应
代表性指数
魏家峁
opencast coal mine
land damage
land reclamation
landscape indices
grain effect
representative indices
Wei Jiamao
