摘要
中国是世界上拥有花岗岩景区最多的国家之一,花岗岩景区已成为中国最重要的旅游目的地,是重要的旅游资源。为深化人们对花岗岩地貌景观成因的认识,加强景区建设以及提高花岗岩地貌的科学研究水平,需要从目前花岗岩景观的地貌形态分类提升到按花岗岩的成因分类。本文在华山花岗岩地质调查的基础上,以花岗岩动力学、运动学理论为指导,提出脆性形变前的塑性-韧性形变阶段是花岗岩景观形成的主要阶段,花岗岩景观的多样性是岩浆体在这个阶段中运动方式的多样性造成的。花岗岩在塑性-韧性流变过程中与侵位的围岩互动,与围岩在韧-脆性变形的耦合过程中形成的景观表现为:①长岭状、龙脊状的景观与A、B型成分-结构层的线状背形结构有关;②峰岭、尖峰等景观主要和A、B型成分-结构面波中的原生(轴面)劈理(或节理)、"肠套"式褶皱及横节理有关;③旋卷-扭动过程中形成的弧形-扭动构造是花岗岩景区中千奇百怪景观形成的主要原因,类似华山主峰、天柱山都是旋卷-扭动构造中的砥柱状突起;④绝大多数石蛋、石球和球状风化是鞘褶皱式结构样式的特殊表现;⑤成分-结构层的穹状隆升是浑圆状、圆丘状景观形成的主因。
China is one of the countries with most granite landscapes in the world, where granite landscapes have become important travelling re- sources. To meet the needs of tourist knowledge, enhance the construction of scenery areas and promote the scientific research on granite, it is necessary to make a transformation in the classification of granite from the viewpoint of geomorphology to genesis. This paper is aimed to propose a classification of granite landscapes based on the dynamics and kinematics of granites and geological investigations of Huashan granites in Shaanxi province. It is pointed out that the plastic-ductile deformation stage imfore brittle deformation was the main stage of the formation of granite landscape, and the diversification of gran- ite landscape was determined by the movement mode of granitic magma during this stage. Long-ridge-shaped and dragon-back-shaped landscapes were as- sociated with the anti-formed structure of A and B-type beddings. Peak ridge and sharp peak landscapes were mainly related to the primary （axial） cleava- ges （or joints） , enteriod folds as well as latitudinal joints in the A-and B-type composition-structures. Arc-torsional structures formed during the rotation- torsion were the leading origin for the formation of infinite landscapes in granites like the main peak of the Huashan Mountains and Tianzhu Mountains. Most of the stone eggs, stone balls and spherical weathering are the special manifestation of sheath-style folds. Dome-shaped uplift of composition-structure layers are the main origin for the formation of round landscapes. All of the landscapes were formed due to the coupling between granitic magma and sur- rounding rocks during the plastic-ductile deformation. The cruise mode pattern of granite should be revised.
出处
《地质与勘探》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第1期18-27,共10页
Geology and Exploration
基金
国土资源大调查项目:关中城市群城市地质调查(1212011140026)资助
