摘要
珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区保护着以世界最高峰为代表的极高山生态系统,在生态和生物的演化及保护中具有重要地位。受交通、自然环境等条件限制,外界对其哺乳动物区系的了解尚不完整。我们于2010年9月至2012年10月在保护区的调查点内利用样带法、访问调查法、自动感应照相系统监测法和夹日法进行了5次哺乳动物区系调察,共确认10目23科81种。国家重点保护物种有34种,占总数的42.0%;地域特征明显,高地型17种和喜马拉雅—横断山区型14种,共占38.3%。区内可以划分为6个自然带,哺乳动物物种丰富度表现为随海拔先升高后降低,并以2 500-3 300 m的物种数最多,共48种。区系组成南、北翼差异显著,南翼的76种哺乳动物中,东洋界41种,古北界25种;而北翼的29种中,东洋界仅2种,古北界23种。南翼3 300 m以下东洋界优势明显,而4 000 m以上古北界则占绝对优势,据此我们认为保护区位于东洋界和古北界分界线上,且分界线在3 300-4 000 m之间为宜。
The Mt. Qomolangma Natural Reserve, Tibet （QNR） conserves the extreme-highly mountainous ecosystem of Mr. Qomolangma and, thus, plays an important ecological role. However, its mammalian fauna is still a mystery, due to its harsh natural environments and difficult access. We carried out five field baseline surveys of mammalian diversity in the QNR by using a belt transect method, visits, an auto-trigger camera system, and traps, from September, 2010 to October, 2012. A total of 81 species from 23 families and 10 orders were recorded, including 34 species which were listed on the State Key Protection List. Among them, regional species were common at 38.3% of the total, with 14 Himalaya-Hengduan Mountainous species and 17 Highland species. With increasing attitude, species richness increased and reached its maxi- mum at 2 500 -3 300 m where 48 species were found, followed by a rapid decrease in richness at higher elevations. The Fauna on the South Slope differed significantly from that on the North Slope. Among the 76 species on the South Slope, 41 species belonged to the Orient Realm and 25 belonged to the Palearctic Realm. Among the 29 species on the North Slope,there were 2 Oriental species and 23 Palearctic species. On the South Slope, the Oriental species were dominant below an attitude of 3300m and the Palearctic were dominant above 4 000 m. Hence, we suggest that a division between the Oriental Realm and the Palearctic Realm exited in the South Slope in QNR with the dividing line between 3 300 m and 4 000 m.
出处
《兽类学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第1期28-37,共10页
Acta Theriologica Sinica
基金
2008年林业国家级自然保护区能力建设项目(财农[2008]297号)
2009年林业国家级自然保护区补助资金项目(财农[2009]344号)
国家自然基金资助项目(200904037)
湖南省重点学科建设项目(2013-CSUF01)
