摘要
目的了解2011年和2012年两年间医院感染的变化趋势及抗菌药物使用情况,分析医院感染相关因素,为预防与控制医院感染提供科学依据。方法对2011年9月21日和2012年8月16日00 00-24 00所有住院患者(包括当日的出院患者,不包括当日的新入院患者),采用床旁调查与病历调查相结合的方法,统一标准填写个案调查表,并对调查日处于医院感染状态的患者进行统计分析。结果 2011年和2012年调查当日共调查住院患者1 165例,实查率均为100%,共有39例患者发生46例次医院感染,医院感染现患率分别为3.88%和2.80%;2011年调查当日医院感染高发科室为神经外科(27.27%)和心胸外科(16.67%),2012年调查当日医院感染高发科室为重症医学科(28.57%)和心血管内科(9.09%);感染部位均以呼吸道感染为主,其次为泌尿道感染和表浅切口感染。2011年和2012年调查当日的抗菌药物使用率分别为63.07%和40.56%,两年的抗菌药物使用率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。治疗和治疗+预防性使用抗菌药物的患者,2011年有227例,病原学监测87例,送检率为38.33%;2012年有187例,病原学送检118例,送检率为63.10%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论今后的重点工作是加强呼吸道、泌尿道和手术部位感染管理,合理使用抗菌药物,以有效降低医院感染。
Objective To explore the variation tendency of hospital infection and the antibacterial usage between 2011 and 2012, analyze the factors for hospitalization infection, and instruct on taking effective intervention measures, in order to reduce the rate of hospital infection, and thus to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of hospital infection. Methods All patients hospitalized in our hospital from 00：00 to 24：00 between September 21, 2011 and August 16, 2012 were investigated. By using the method of combined clinical investigation and case study, we asked the patients to fill the case questionnaires standardly, and analyzed the hospital infection cases on the survey day. Results A total of 1165 hospitalized patients were investigated from the year 2011 to 2012, and the actual check rate was 100%. A total of 46 cases of hospital infection occurred in 39 patients. The prevalence rate of hospital infection was 3.88% in 2011 and 2.80% in 2012. High rate hospital infections occurred in the Department of Neurosurgery which was 27.27% and Cardiothoracic surgery which was 16.67% in 2011. In 2012, the departments included ICU which was 28.57% and Internal Cardiovascular Medicine which was 9.09%. The main infection sites were respiratory tract, followed by urinary tract and superficial incisions. The usage rates of antibiotics were 63.07% and 40.56% respectively in the two years. There were significant difference in antibiotic use rate between the two years （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion The focus of future work is to strengthen the management of respiratory tract, urinary tract and surgical site infections, and to use antimicrobial drugs reasonably, in order to reduce hospital infection effectively.
出处
《华西医学》
CAS
2014年第2期286-288,共3页
West China Medical Journal
关键词
医院感染
现患率
抗菌药物
Hospital infection
Prevalence rate
Antibacterial
