摘要
传统观点只强调国有企业本身的生产效率损失,而忽略了创新效率损失。很多经验研究虽然证明了技术创新才是影响企业效率的主要因素,但是实证检验很少,因此,本文针对国有企业的创新效率进行系统的实证分析。运用基于DEA的Malmquist指数方法,对5大类高新技术行业2000—2011年国有企业与民营企业技术创新的相关数据,以民营企业为参照对象,对国有企业的创新效率进行分解、评价和测试。研究结果发现,在分行业比较中,发现除航空航天器制造业外,其余四个行业的国有企业创新效率都明显低于民营企业。航空航天器制造业数据可比性较差,可能与该行业基本全部由国有企业经营有关;在全部行业总体效率比较中,发现国有企业的创新效率普遍低于民营企业,剔除航空航天器制造业数据后,两者之间差距更加明显。总之,与民营企业相比,国有企业确实存在不容忽视的创新效率损失。进一步分析发现寻租是导致国有企业创新效率低下的主要原因,并指出可以从遏制国有企业寻租活动、增加市场竞争程度和激发企业家的创新才能三个方面出发,提高国有企业创新效率。
In traditional view, it only emphasizes the productivity efficiency loss of state-owned enterprises, while ignores the innovation efficiency loss. Many qualitative studies have proved the technical innovation is the main factor affecting the efficiency of enterprises, but empirical tests are few. Therefore, in this study, we utilize Malmquist index method based on DEA to disaggregate, evaluate and test the innovation efficiency of state-owned enterprises and private enterprises in 5 major Chinese high-tech industries. In the innovation efficiency comparison of sub-sector industry, it shows that except for aerospace vehicle manufacturing industry, the state-owned enterprises＇ innovation efficiency in all the industries is significantly lower than private enterprises＇. Because the aerospace industry is basically state-owned enterprises, it＇s data comparability is poorer. In the innovation efficiency comparison of entire industries, it shows that the innovation efficiency of state-owned enterprises is generally lower than private enterprises. Excluding the data of aerospace vehicle manufacturing, the gap between them is more obvious. In a word, the state-owned enterprises have the problem of innovation efficiency loss. We find that rent-seeking is the main reason leading to innovation inefficient of state-owned enterprises. At last, we point out that China need to take the road of intensive innovation efficiency in the future by curbing rent-seeking activities of state-owned enterprises, increasing the market competition and stimulating entrepreneurial innovation ability.
出处
《中国工业经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第2期97-108,共12页
China Industrial Economics
