摘要
CSOIL模型可用来评价污染土壤重金属对人体的暴露风险。该模型考虑的暴露途径包括土壤、空气、水和植物,通过输入场地特性参数、物理化学特性参数和暴露行为参数计算当地居民在某种重金属暴露下的风险指数,还可以分析不同暴露途径对总暴露剂量的贡献率。以天津市东丽区华明镇为例,运用CSOIL模型对其土壤重金属的人体暴露风险进行评价,并与东丽区背景值的暴露风险进行比较。结果表明,华明镇土壤中As、Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn和Ni对人体的暴露风险指数均小于1,为可容忍暴露风险,其中As、Cd、Pb、Ni的污染风险指数远大于背景值风险指数。As、Cd和Ni以土颗粒食入暴露途径的影响最大,而Cd以自家菜园食入暴露途径的影响最大。研究表明,CSOIL模型能快速有效地对村镇污染土壤的人体暴露健康风险进行评价。
The paper is going to introduce its method for assessment of the human exposure risk to the heavy metal pollutants from the soil in rural areas based on CSOIL it has been chosen. The research is done with the CSOIL model developed by RIVM （the National Insti- tute for Public Health and the Environment）. The model introduced here can be used to work out the human exposure risk limit under the contaminated soil via the exposure routes under study （soil, air, wa- ter and crops）. Introducing the compound-specific input parameters, the potential exposure and exposure parameters the soil properties re- lated to, we can describe the receptor characteristics and the be- haviours and try to calculate the human risk index CSOIL under the exposure to which people are subjected. In addition, the model can also help us to analyze the contributions of the different exposure channels to the total exposure. In proceeding with our study, we have chosen Huaming town, Dongli district, Tianjin as a case study sam- pie, and the CSOIL model for the soil＇s heavy metal contamination. And then a contrast analysis has been done over the risk indexes de- rived from the Dongli neighborhood community. The result of our analysis demonstrate that： human exposure risk index of the seven heavy metals （As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn and Ni） in Huaming Town are all less than 1. It means that the exposure risks of the seven heavy metals in the district are within the range of being tolerable, though the pollution of As, Cd, Pb and Ni turn to be more serious as compared with the background levels. Thus, we suppose that it is necessary to enhance the control of the contamination of As, Cd, Pb and Ni immediately. And it is imperative to be able to control the ex- posure v/a the ingestion of contaminated soil particles of AS, Pb and Ni. For Cd, vegetables and green plants are to be cultivated to make soil remediation. In places of high risk index for cadmium pollution, the CSOIL model are likely to be fit for measuring and testing such exposure risks immediately and effectively. Therefore, our estimation model can be used to provide a reference to the early-warning means to fight against soil contamination risk.
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第1期248-252,共5页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAJ24B04)
关键词
环境学
重金属
土壤污染
CSOIL模型
environmentalology
heavy metal
soil contamination
CSOIL model
