摘要
本文在简要介绍气象卫星探测特点的基础上，着重讨论了利用ＮＯＡＡ卫星、ＦＹ－ＩＣ卫星和ＧＭＳ－５及ＦＹ－２Ｂ卫星上的星载扫描辐射仪监测沙尘暴的原理和方法。最后以２０００年４月６～７日发生在我国内蒙古地区至华北一带的强沙尘暴为例，说明用这种手段不仅能监测到沙尘暴的发生，还能有效地监测其发展和演变，是监测和预警沙尘暴的重要手段和依据。
The northwestern China is well-known for its high frequency of dust devil, which may cause traffic jam, soil desertification, bury villages and even life damage. So it becomes one of the severe nature disasters, and affects the economy in the area. The radical radiative change in the atmosphere by the floating particles is because they not only affect the atmospheric backscattering to the solar short wave radiation, but also its emission. As multi-channel scanning radiometers (AVHRR and VISSR) are installed on polar-orbital (NOAA, FY-1C) and geostationary meteorological satellites (GMS, FY-2B), we can use the available observation data to identify the dust sources. Analysis on satellite images points out that in VIS and near IR channels, albedos of cloud, dust and open area distinguish from each other. The differences between channel 3 (short IR wave) and channel 4 (long IR wave) show that the value of dust area is similar to that of cloud, but much higher than that of clear sky. The distinction between dust and cloud area can be gotton by combination of short with long IR images. Case of April 6- 7, 2000 dust devil, happened in inner Mongolia, Hebei province and Beliing-Tianjin district was studied on the context of short interval l 000hPa wind field analysis, their bine-related satellite monitored dust area and surface observed area on weather maps, indicating that strong wind region (particularly > 20m/s), are consistence with satellite monitored dust area, as well as surface observed are4 in the location and development. It may be concluded that the present operational meteorological satellite can monitor the dust occurrence and its development effectively and serves well in forecasting, monitoring such disasters. However, quatitative determining dust air optical depth and aerosol contents need more sounding channels, as well as relation theory and observation of sand particle size.
出处
《第四纪研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2001年第1期48-55,共8页
Quaternary Sciences
